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How to Read Character by the Face 


ILLUSTRATED 





By Professor A. E. Willis, 

Practical Physiognomist, Author and Lecturer. 


If a man's character you wish to find, 
Look in his face, the mirror of the mind. 


FIFTH EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED. 


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ILLUSTRATED 




If a man's character you wish to find, 
Look in his face, the mirror of his mind. 


Nane ever feared that the truth should be heard, 
But those whom the truth wad indite. 

—Burns. 




FIFTH EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED. 


Copyrighted, 1888, by A. E. Willis. 


835 BROADWAY, Corner 13th Street. New York. 

—i888 — 
















A man may be known by his look, and one that hath understanding' by his counte¬ 
nance.— Ecclesiasticus 19 : 80 

The countenance is a sign of changing of the heart. — Ecclesia.8ti.cus 27 : 17. 

i 

The show of their countenance doth witness against them ; and they declare their sin 
as Sodom, they hide it not. — Isaiah 8: 9. 

And as he [Jesus] prayed the fashion of his countenance was altered. --Lake 9: 29. 

A proud look the Lord hateth — Proverbs 6: 17. 

The children of Israel could not steadfastly behold the face of Moses for the glory of 
his countenance. —2 Corinthians 3: 7. 

Be not as the hypocrites, of a sad countenance ; for they disfigure their faces, that 
they may appear unto men to fast. — Matthew 6: 16 

Now he [David] was ruddy and withal of a beautiful countenance, and goodly to look 
to, and the Lord said Arise, anoint him ; for this is he. — 1 Samuel 16: 12. 

A merry heart maketh a cheerful countenance — Proverbs 15: 13. 

The cheek 

Is apter than the tongue to tell an errand. 

— Shakespeare. 


One may smile and smile and be a villain still.— Shakespeare. 

I trow that countenance cannot lie, 

Whose thoughts are legible to the eye. 

— Spenser. 

Physiognomy is a science founded on observation and ought to be studied in con¬ 
nection with Natural History. — Paeon. 

In mystic characters, our features bear the motto of our souls —Sir Thomas Brown. 

You see each herb growing up in the form which is suitable for it. Man is also 
distinguished by a special form, perfectly adapted to his individual nature. And as by 
the form of the herb we recognize its species, we also know the character of the man by 
his configuration.— Paracelsus. 



PHYSIOGNOMICAL ANECDOTES. 


[FROM LAVATER.] 


“I require nothing of thee,” said a father to his innocent son, when 
bidding him farewell, “ but that thou shouldst bring me back this thy 
countenance.” 

A stranger said to a physiognomist, “ How many dollars is my face 
worth?” “ It is hard to determine,” replied the latter. “ It is worth 
fifteen hundred,” continued the questioner, for so many has a person 
lent me upon it to whom I was a total stranger.” 

“I will forfeit my life,” said Titus of the priest Tacitus, “if this man 
be not an arch knave. I have three times observed him sigh and weep 
without cause; and ten times turn aside to conceal a laugh he could not 
restrain, when vice or temptation was mentioned.” 

A noble, amiable, and innocent young lady, who had been chiefly edu¬ 
cated in the country, saw her face in the glass, as she passed it with 
a candle in her hand, retiring from evening prayer, and having just laid 
down her Bible. Her eyes were cast to the ground with inexpressible 
modesty at the sight of her own image. She passed the winter in town, 
surrounded by adorers, hurried away by dissipation and plunged in trifling 
amusement; she forgot her Bible and her devotion. In the beginning of 
spring she returned again to her country - seat, her chamber, and the 
table on which her Bible lay. Again she had the candle in her hand and 
again saw herself in the glass. She turned pale, put down the candle, re¬ 
treated to a sofa and fell on her knees and ejaculated : “Oh God! I no 
longer know my own face. How am I degraded! My follies and vanities 
are all written in my countenance. Wherefore have they been unseen, 
illegible till this instant ? Oh come and expel, come and utterly efface 
them, mild tranquillity, sweet devotion, and ye gentle cares of benevolent 
love!”— 


“Folly and ignorance are too prevalent to allow men to abandon the 
usual ephemeral trifles which amuse them and to seek the satisfaction 
and lasting pleasure which knowledge confers, particularly when directed 
to the contemplation of the excellence of their own organization.” 






PREFACE. 


It has been s ( aid that man is an epitome of the 
universe, the world in miniature; and if we admit 
that to be a fact, then I assert that the greatest study 
that can engage tbe mind is the study of oneself. 
What means the penitentiary ? What means the jails, 
police-courts, hospitals, reformatories and poor-houses? 
I answer : They are the result or effect of a cause, and 
that cause is the ignorance and stupidity of people 
concerning their own physical and mental organiza¬ 
tions. I often think that a man is the greatest curios¬ 
ity on earth, because he is willing to peep into every¬ 
thing and study almost everything but himself; he 
will study the earth beneath him, the stars above him, 
and the world around him, but his own head and face 
is a mystery, the hills and valleys of which he never 
explores. A man will gaze with admiration upon a 
reflex image of his face in the mirror, and fall quite in 
love with himself; and a young woman will stand be¬ 
fore a looking-glass for an hour at a time, to see how 
she can look her prettiest and smile her sweetest; and 
yet both will fail to see themselves as others see them, 
simply because they see the form only, without the 
essence, the flesh without the spirit; in other words, 
they do not see nor study their characters as pictured 
in their countenances. 




THE DEVIL’S EYE. 


I have given this name to the above eye because I do not know any 
other word in the English language that will better convey to the mind of 
the reader such a variety of evil inclinations as the one I have selected; 
for if cunning, deceit, evasion, worldly wisdom, lying, trickery, guile and 
sensuality are characteristics of the Evil One, then I have certainly 
chosen the right name, because all these propensities are shown in this 
eye; especially when the color of the eye is black, or apparently so—for 
many eyes look blacker than they really are, especially at night. The 
peculiarity that marks this eye is the hanging fullness directly over the 
pupil and between the upper eyelid and eyebrow. When, in addition 
to this, there is a crowding up toward the eyeball, or pupil, of the under 
eyelid, then the nature will be as licentious and lustful as that of the 
ape. Such eyes express almost everything but a pure-minded, frank, 
modest and guileless soul. They wink at immorality, eagerly peep and 
pry into things and persons of questionable reputation, and are generally 
bold and cheeky in doing it. Indeed, modesty is a lost virtue to such ; 
they always see what they should not, especially if it savors of vice. 
Their curiosity to see and know is of the wrong kind and leads them in 
the wrong way. They will lie whenever it suits their convenience, and 
frequently when the truth would serve their purpose much better. The 
characteristics of such eyes are purely selfish, and are found largely in 
carnivorous animals accustomed to guard and protect the body and pro¬ 
vide for its wants by stealth and cunning. Some peculiarities of this eye 
are found in the goat, such as a roguish, artful and tricky disposition; 
also in the eagle, imparting shrewdness, cunning, tact and quick per- 
'ception. In the eagle these qualities assume a more dignified use or 
manifestation; and the good qualities of such an eye are seemingly to 
give a knowledge of things of a physical or material nature—a ready 
and instantaneous perception of the nature or character of a thing, what 


it means or is used for, and the best way to do or accomplish an object 
or purpose, how to act to secure certain results, how to escape from dan¬ 
ger, and what to do in moments of surprise and peril; gives one instan¬ 
taneous knowledge as to the best thing to say or do for the time being, 
making one as “ wise as a serpent.” If you will study the dispositions, 
characteristics and eyes, with their surroundings, of serpents, eagles, 
goats, cats, foxes, tigers, lions, and all animals of that class, you will get 
a pretty good idea of what the above eye indicates. It is impossible to 
give in an engraving the expression of the living, active eye, and the 
reader must determine how much deviltry is in a person having an eye 
like this, by noticing its active expression. Of course, if a person with 
an eye formed like this has a high development of the moral and intel¬ 
lectual faculties, which have been properly educated, the evil tendencies 
of such characteristics will be restrained, and the individual will then be> 
in the language of the Scripture, “As wise as a serpent and as harmless 
as a dove.” By the expression of such an eye, then, you must determine 
how much of the devil is behind it. 

Persons with this kind of eye have the archness, watchfulness and 
wariness of the fox, aud the simulation of the cat. They are always on 
the alert, and quick to notice what is going on; they can put on a sweet 
pleasing, winsome look, even when at heart they are displeased. They 
can look—to a person not familiar with physiognomy—as meek as a 
lamb and as innocent as an angel, and at the same time be chock-full 
of deviltry. These are the characteristics which enable persons with 
such eyes to put so much expression in their faces, and to look their 
sweetest whenever they desire. This and similar eyes are generally 
found in good actresses, performers and managers. 

In probably nine persons out of ten with such eyes, one or more of 
these evil tendencies will be apparent in their characters and manifested 
in their everyday life. 


PHYSIOGNOMY DEFINED. 


Two kinds : Active and Passive—Form and Expression—Use of Physiognomy—Intuitive 
Perception—Mental Process of Physiognomy—Animal Physiognomy—Can Physi¬ 
ognomy be relied upon?—Types of Character—Principles of Human Nature. 

Physiognomy may be defined, first, as the revelation of the character 
or spirit of any living organic being, by and through the form, expression 
and color of the features; second, as the art and science of discerning 
and understanding the character so revealed to the observer. In other 
words, there are two kinds of physiognomy: Active and Passive. 

Everything in the world is stamped with its own peculiar physiognomy. 
Man has his ; the beasts of the field have theirs; birds, fishes and reptiles 
have theirs. But I object to the idea of applying the term physiognomy 
scientifically or in a definite specific sense to anything that has not a 
medium degree of intelligent or instinctive life, though in a general sense 
everything has its physiognomy. Inanimate things have form and color, 
but they lack expression, which is the distinguishing feature of physi¬ 
ognomy. There must be both form and expression. Form reveals the 
general character, quality or condition, and expression the mind or dis¬ 
position. 

Physiognomy is a sign which the Divine Being has written in plain 
characters upon the face of every living being, for the benefit of one 
another. It is the window of the outer-man, through which the observer 
becomes acquainted with the nature of the inner-man. It is also the 
means by which we can determine the nature of everything around us; 
rocks and stones do not look like blocks of wood—we distinguish the one 
from the other by their appearance. 

But, to be more definite, I do not consider that the ability which a per¬ 
son possesses to read and define the various expressions of the human 
countenance by intuition without the aid of scientific knowledge can be 
properly called physiognomy, any more than the reading and understand¬ 
ing of printed matter can be called printing. 

The talent or ability which men and women possess to read each other, 
simply by instantaneous impressions without a careful and critical exam¬ 
ination of the features, I should prefer to call Intuitive Perception, and 
it is only through this kind of perception in connection with scientific 
observation that we can successfully understand the human countenance. 




8 


PHYSIOGNOMY DEFINED. 


We first perceive the appearance of one’s features by the aid of our 
perceptive or observing faculties, which are located immediately over the 
nose and eyes. These impressions are transmitted to the reflective and 
intuitive faculties, which occupy the upper portion of the forehead, and 
through the action of these faculties we conceive the character and 
nature of the individual as indicated in the appearances we have just 
observed; so that in reading human nature, the operation of the mind is 
twofold—first, perceptive, and second, conceptive ; or, in other words, 
we first analyze, then synthetize. 

To give a still more logical definition of physiognomy, it may be 
divided into three parts or branches, viz. : Scientific Physiognomy, which 
means the investigation and knowledge of the signs of character in the 
face and the facts and principles therewith connected ; Artistic Physi¬ 
ognomy, which relates to the reading of these signs of character, and the 
practical application of the knowledge gained thereby ; and Philosophi¬ 
cal Physiognomy, which explains the causes of the signs or manifestations 
of character ; treats of the underlying principles which produce certain 
expressions and conformations of face?, and therefore necessarily involves 
the study of Anatomy, Natural History, Metaphysics, Ethics, Social 
Philosophy and to a certain extent Theology; because it would be a 
miserable farce in a scientific and philosophical investigation of man, to 
study him without studying his Creator and His attributes at the same 
time. 

Eor convenience and general use, however, the term physiognomy may 
•be applied to designate either the language of the features or the ability 
to read them any way we can, scientifically or intuitively ; and in its 
broadest meaning may include the recognition of all material and in¬ 
animate objects by their size, form and color. 

Its use or practice is confined by men principally to the human family, 
as the reading of animals is generally considered of no particular use, 
except so far as it helps us to discern the character of men and women, 
who, in their disposition and physiological structure, resemble some 
animal, bird, fish or reptile. 

The study of physiognomy in the animal kingdom might, and ought to 
be pursued with great interest and benefit. Every horse-jockey and deal¬ 
er in cattle ought to study and practice Animal Physiognomy. The spirit, 
activity and strength of a horse can be determined by its facial express¬ 
ion and physical development, just as easily as we can discover similar 
conditions in a human being. A mere novice in physiognomy cannot but 
observe the difference between the noble and somewhat intelligent look 








Fractious, hateful and spiteful. 



Docile, teachable and vivacious. 







Destructiveness very large. Observe the wide face and head, and savage expression 






Timidity —Destructiveness small. Timid animals protect themseves chiefly by run 
ning ; destructive animals by fighting. 




v 







PHYSIOGNOMY DEFINED. 


9 


of a Newfoundland dog, and the savage, threatening appearance of a bull¬ 
dog. 

A gentleman who had been a farmer and had considerable experience 
with oxen, told me that when he wanted to buy a good working-ox, he 
selected one with a broad head and prominent eyes, in preference to one 
with a long head and sunken eyes. 

I am inclined to think that animals make use of physiognomy as much 
as, if not more than, men do. They not only read one another, but they 
minutely observe their master, man. 

Physiognomy and Natural History are so closely allied that they should 
be studied together, and I am not sure but Geology should also be in¬ 
cluded. Bacon once remarked that “Physiognomy is a science founded 
on observation, and ought to be studied in connection with Natural His- 
ory.” Physiognomy enters very largely into a number of the sciences. 
When you study the rocks and surface of the earth you are really study¬ 
ing the earth’s physiognomy; and when the astronomer gazes through his 
telescope on worlds beyond his natural vision, he also is studying the 
physiognomy of the heavenly bodies ; in fact, everything in the world 
around us and above us, has its physiognomy—the very house you live 
in, the large variety of flowers, trees, fruits etc., are distinguished from 
one another like persons by their respective physiognomies; hence there 
is no end to the study of this science; it is as far-reaching and varied as 
the universe itself. Even books have their physiognomies and those that 
live in the memories of the people and are handed down from generation 
to generation are those books that have the most human nature in them. 
Take the Bible, Bunyan’s “Pilgrim’s Progress,” and Shakespeare’s works 
as illustrations, all of them descriptive of character from beginning to 
end. 

It is very strange that a science so valuable, so easily acquired and 
applied, should be so much overlooked and neglected by the great mass 
of mankind. Still I do not wonder much when I remember how much 
ignorance and prejudice concerning physiognomy and phrenology exist 
in the minds of even educated people. I have in my mind a doctor of 
divinity, who told me he wouldn’t want any phrenologist to put his hands 
on his daughter’s head ; and when I asked him why not, he intimated 
that he didn’t think it would be modest or proper. Fortunately, however, 
greater men than the one I have just refered to have endorsed physi¬ 
ognomy and studied it; and I believe the day is coming when it will 
be universally put into practice. 


IO 


PHYSIOGNOMY DEFINED. 


All mental philosophers recognize the mind to be composed of a num¬ 
ber of distinct faculties ; also, that the brain is the organ of the mind. 
Therefore, the brain, reasoning from analogy, must be composed of a 
number of distinct organs, which is demonstrated by the fact that when 
the mind or brain is tired of one kind of labor or exercise, it will find 
relief and rest by engaging in some other; that is, by bringing some other 
faculty and organ into exercise ; for it is really the brain that tires, not 
the mind. If the brain were not composed of distinct organs, then it 
could never rest. And when a person constantly uses one or two facul¬ 
ties and organs to the almost entire exclusion of all the others, it is only 
a question of time when he will become deranged. 

I am aware that every person makes use of physiognomy to a certain 
extent, because he cannot help doing so. It would be impossible for 
one person to look at another without forming an opinion, either favor¬ 
able or unfavorable ; but to study and pursue this science in a systematic 
or scientific manner, so as to be sure that one’s impressions are correct, 
is something very few are in the habit of doing. 

Young people will spend any amount of time over sickly, sentimental 
novels or love-stories that are descriptive of some highly-colored romance, 
where a poor, homely red-headed fellow manages to win the heart and 
person of the most beautiful woman in the world, after passing through 
the most trying ordeals, and perhaps hair-breadth escapes from death— 
stories that picture life as far from reality as black is from white, that ruin 
the memory, enfeeble the intellect, inflame the passions, and draw so 
heavily upon the sympathies that body and mind grow tired—books that, 
when read at evening alone, bring sleepless nights, dreams of death, or 
make the heart beat as though it must burst at every sigh of the mind. 
These books excite sympathies for that which has no real existence, and 
unnerve the heart for the true battle of life. 

Callow people -will shed easy tears over the harrowing tale of a novel, 
but never see, in real life, the misery that needs sympathy, and cries out to 
God against them because it is withheld. By feeding on such stuff their 
senses are blunted, and they see no real poverty or woe in the world, and 
no heroes or heroines save their own unappreciated selves; and instead of 
laying hold, like true men and women, upon the great problems of life, and 
by the very force of will, surmounting the obstacles that lie in their way, 
they pander to this corrupt taste, become feeble-minded, and unfit them¬ 
selves for the stern realities of life. Such stories create an insatiate thirst 
in them for a fictitious life, or a longing desire for an indescribable some¬ 
thing that a depraved taste and morbid imagination may picture, but 


PHYSIOGNOMY DEFINED. „ 

which can never be realized. They will read, study and think about a char¬ 
acter that is only a myth, rather than in a pratical and scientific manner, 
study the actual characters of the men or women they intend to make 
their future husbands or wives. They prefer to leave that till the wedding- 
knot is tied and the honey-moon has set, and the sad hours of matrimon¬ 
ial darkness have come in upon their blighted and mistaken lives. A ro¬ 
mance of a different nature then dawns upon their vision—heroes of a 
different kind then enter upon the stage, and they play hate instead of 
love, and must either live in a matrimonial hell, or play the second act, 
divorce. I do not say that this is the result of married life in general 
—it is the exception, not the rule—but it is too often the rule of senti¬ 
mentalists. 

Some may urge the idea that it is impossible to understand human 
nature with any reasonable degree of accuracy, -because it is so varied 
each person possessing a distinct character and differing from every 
other person, just as they differ in their looks. Everything in nature is 
full of variety, and there are many things we do not and cannot compre¬ 
hend. There are many things concerning the nature and character of the 
Divine Being we do not understand; but that is no reason why we should 
not investigate the works of nature, and study the character of God, so 
as to understand what is revealed, and find out as much as possible. 

There is this fact to be taken into consideration in the study of human 
nature, which will lessen the difficulty very much. Although every per¬ 
son has a distinct character, yet there are certain types of character, 
and every person belongs to one or another, or, at least, partakes more of 
the qualities of one than another; so that when you understand a certain 
type, you have the key that will unlock the door to the general character 
of every person belonging to that cast or type. In addition to this, there 
are certain principles which lie at the foundation of human nature, and 
the existence or manifestation of these principles will be perceptible, to 
a greater or less extent, in the formation of individual character. One 
is, that size and quality are a measure of power; another, that no faculty 
or organ can display its full power until fully developed and properly 
exercised; another, that coarseness or fineness, or in other words, the 
texture of the human body, is indicative of a like condition of the mind; 
another, that form or shape, such as long, broad, sharp, round, etc., like¬ 
wise accompanies special conditions of character. 

These principles and these manifestations are the same throughout the 
entire human race; so that if we once understand them and carefully 
apply them, our deductions and conclusions will be correct in every 
instance. 


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P. R. SPENCER. 


Originator of the Spencerian system of penmanship. lie possesses the rare gifts of 
the artist, poet, and inventor, for such his productions have proven him to be. Penmen 
require fine and sensitive organizations. The nervous temperament is predominant, and 
the motive next. His nose indicates a commercial and enterprising spirit, and together 
with the high, full forehead, reveals an ingenious and inventive talent. Observe the nose 
is not only prominent, but long, and slightly drooping at the point. There is a large 
amount of Intuition shown in this full and high forehead ; the faculty which is largely con¬ 
ducive to inventive talent. The lines running across the forehead I consider to be indica¬ 
tive of hospitality, a neighborly, entertaining and accommodating disposition. In some 
faces they may also indicate that the persons mind has been worried or perplexed with the 
petty cares of every-day life ; but cares and trials of such a nature as to mellow the heart 
rather than harden it. 


HOW TO READ CHARACTER. 


Two methods. Impressibility and Inductive reasoning—Personal Conditions necessary 
for reading Character—Animal Magnetism an agency in reading Character—Eve 
and Satan—Necessity of adherence to First Impressions—How to know whether 
one has good Ability to read Character—Method to be pursued in Studying the 
Face—Outlines of the Face and Features—Circumstances and Conditions under 
which People are to be Studied. 


There are two methods or ways of reading character physiognomi¬ 
cal ly. One is by impressibility—intuition ; the other, by comparison, 
aided by the perceptives. Some can read better by the first method, 
and others by the latter, and some by both, which is the best and most 
accurate plan. 

I will first describe what conditions are necessary, and then show how 
to apply them, in order to read persons by the first method, which I pro¬ 
pose to name Impressibility. 

The principal conditions requisite are tw’o—a large amount of the 
organic quality, and very large human-nature. To be a successful reader 
it is absolutely necessary that you possess the faculty of human-nature 
very large; and to be a gifted or remarkable reader, it is likewise neces¬ 
sary to be endowed with a very sensitive nature, which is imparted only 
by the organic quality. These two qualities combined will render a person 
extremely sensitive, susceptible and alive to all kinds of mental and 
nervous impressions and magnetic influences, whether external or internal. 

By mental and nervous impressions, I do not mean ideas produced by 
the action of the mind, nor sensations produced by a disordered state of 
the nervous system; but rather the nature and qualities of the mind, 
which are more easily impressed upon a person having a nervous tempera¬ 
ment, so that persons thus organized not only discern, but actually feel, 
the mental and physical qualities of the subjects before them. And here 
let me say that the ramifications of nerves which extend all over the 
human body, are acknowledged to be a continuation of the brain; there¬ 
fore if the mind acts upon the brain, it must also act upon the nervous 
system. 

It is also an acknowledged fact that the body is constantly throwing 
off a nervous or magnetic fluid—a kind of human electricity, I suppose. 




HOW TO READ CHARACTER. 




How far this extends from the body of a person is not known, but it is 
to such a distance that when two persons approach each other their cir¬ 
cles of electricity or magnetism come in contact before they meet. This 
is what I mean by magnetic influence; so that when two persons of 
sensitive nature are brought together, they immediately form or receive 
favorable or unfavorable impressions of each other, and, in many cases, 
will either like or dislike at first sight. Magnetism is defined to be that 
agent or force in nature which possesses the power of attraction; but, 
call it by whatever name you will, or define it in whatever terms you may, 
I regard it as nothing more or less than human or animal electricity; or in 
other words, electricity modified to suit the human organism, or modified 
through its contact with the body. There can be no attraction * without 
two objects or two substances exactly the same in nature, but directly 
opposite in their qualities—the one to answer as positive, the other as 
negative. 

Now, there are two kinds of electricity—the one positive and the other 
negative; or, in other words, the one male, and the other female; and 
wherever there is positive and negative electricity, there will be attraction 
and unification. Two positives will not attract, neither will two nega¬ 
tives; two men will not attract each other, nor will two women. There 
must be positive and negative, or male and female to form attraction. 

Wherever there is attraction or repulsion, the easier and quicker do we 
perceive the character of others, and form favorable or unfavorable 
opinions. I believe this is one reason, and probably the principal one, 
why men can read women, and women men, with greater ease and cer¬ 
tainty than they can their own sex. In fact, women have a peculiar gift; 
they seem to have an inward monitor which enables them to jump at 
their conclusions of men’s characters and intentions, especially in times 
of danger. Providence has probably given it to them (they being the 
weaker vessels) as a safeguard against evil; though it is a great pity 
mother Eve did not make use of it to unravel the cunning devices of the 
enemy, Satan. And yet when I reflect on it, I believe that Eve did read 
Satan to a certain extent, but, not knowing evil or its results, she made a 
great mistake—just such as we make nearly every day—that is, she 
didn’t adhere to her first impressions, which persons should always do, 
providing their ability to read character is well developed. 

Having explained the conditions necessary to read character by im¬ 
pressibility, a few words will be sufficient to explain how to do it. In the 
first place, you must place yourself in a negative condition to the persons 
you wish to read—that is, allow them to make impressions upon you by 



J. OSCROFT TANSLEY, M. D. 

A prominent eye, ear and throat specialist of New York City. 

One of the essential qualities of a good physician is large Intuition, 
because it is that which enables him to diagnose correctly. It is partic¬ 
ularly requisite in that branch of Pathology which treats of the signs or 









Showing Large Intuition, 


physiognomy of diseases. If the 
diagnosis of a patient’s case is wrong [' 
then it follows that the prescription 
will be wrong, and consequently no 
cure effected. Another very neces¬ 
sary qualification is large perceptive 
faculties, or prominence immediate¬ 
ly over the eyes, which enables a 
Doctor to see conditions and pecu¬ 
liarities which, one deficient there, 
would not perceive. 

The portrait of this gentleman, in the accompanying engraving, 
shows there is a sharpness of the eyebrows, or rather the eyebone, 
directly over the eyes; this indicates the subject of the illustration to be a 
man of keen, acute intellect,with a fondness for research. In the annexed 
engraving of the forehead of the same gentleman, will be seen great 
fulness and height in the top and center of the forehead. This is the 
sign of large Intuition, which gives foreknowledge or instantaneous con¬ 
ception or recognition of the physical and mental peculiarities of the sub¬ 
ject to be examined. I have presented these two engravings because 
neither picture nor view of the face, I was enabled to obtain, illustrated 
the two qualities to which I have referred. 

A physician having large Intuition is immediately impressed with 
the physical and mental condition of a patient as soon as he looks at him, 
and more especially, if in connection with Intuition and preceptive power, 
there is a fine sensitive temperament and strong sympathetic nature aris¬ 
ing from Benevolence, which is also seen in the prominence at the top of 
the head in the above illustration. 





14 


HOW TO READ CHARACTER. 


the way they look, act and speak; and do not do or say anything of 
yourself to interrupt, confuse or prevent them from revealing themselves 
as they naturally would. In the next place, be sure that the circum¬ 
stances are favorable for them to make and you to receive correct 
impressions. Neither side should be placed at a disadvantage. For in¬ 
stance, if one or the other should be sick or out of temper, the impres¬ 
sions made on you may be wrong. You must endeavor to meet persons 
fairly and squarely, and look them calmly and directly in the face; observe 
every angle of the face you can—full face, three-quarter face, side-face 
—at the same time studying the different expressions of the face; and 
let your impressions be formed from your very first interview. In look¬ 
ing closely at a person, however, never be so bold as to stare them out of 
countenance, because you would not only make them feel very uneasy, 
but render yourself repulsive. It is better if you can study persons when 
they are not aware that you are observing them. 

Having taken general observations, do not be in too great a hurry to 
pronounce your verdict and pass judgment, but wait until the interview is 
over and the individual has left you. Then analyze your thoughts and 
feelings as they flashed across your mind while taking observations, and 
combine them with the impression left upon you, and you will form 
a correct estimate. 

Should you, in time become better acquainted with the person or per¬ 
sons, and different impressions are produced upon you, under no circum¬ 
stances be governed by any other than your first impressions—providing 
as I have previously stated, your talent for reading character is first-class; if 
it is not, you must form your opinion gradually and cautiously. 

The reason for adhering to first impressions is obvious. The oftener 
you meet, the more persons gain on your good-will and friendship; and 
what at first appears conspicuous, gradually lessens, and perhaps disap¬ 
pears. Social intercourse often covers up objectionable traits; and on 
the other hand, your acquaintance may, through some business trans¬ 
action or family affair, create some unpleasant feeling that would lessen 
your appreciation, or cause you to change your mind in regard to good 
qualities. But if your talent for reading character is poor, then acquaint¬ 
ance may help you to arrive at a proper conclusion. 

Do you ask me how you are to know whether you have first-class ability 
to read human nature ? I answer, there are only two ways that I know 
of. The first and best is to get a good phrenologist to tell you. The 
other way is to form your opinion of a person, and then find out if you 
are correct, by making inquiries, watching his conduct and investigating 


HOW TO READ CHARACTER. 


*5 


his life and character, in a general and constant manner, till you are sure 
your knowledge is correct. Do this with a sufficient number of persons 
to make it a fair test, and if your first impressions harmonize invariably 
with what you learn concerning them, you may conclude you have good 
talent for that purpose; but if your impressions are different, in most 
cases from what you afterwards discover to be their real nature, you 
must, of course, conclude that your ability to read character is only aver¬ 
age, or perhaps poor. 

There is yet another reason why good readers of character should act 
upon their first impressions. It is, because the nervous fluid or mag¬ 
netic current, whichever it may be, which acts as a telegraphic messen¬ 
ger to the mind, will conduct impressions correctly, whereas our judg¬ 
ment or ideas of a person may be wrong. Then these impressions may 
never act upon us the second time in the same way as they do the first; 
in fact, first sensations are always different from those that follow. 

As I have mentioned on a preceding page, it is quite necessary in read¬ 
ing a person, to study him from a side view of the face, as you are then 
able to observe traits of character you may not see in a front view. 

If you take two photographs of a person, one a full face, the other a side 
view, you will see how different the same individual looks in the two pi '- 
tures; though it does not follow that the picture that portrays him to the 
worst advantage represents objectionable traits of character, any more 
than the one which shows him to the best advantage exhibits the good 
traits of character. Such may be the case or it may not. 

Form being the basis of beauty, there is always a certain outline of 
the face which will make the face appear more beautiful than any other 
outline or position—a fact, by the way, which many photographers seem 
to know nothing about; so that in getting the best outline of the face you 
get the best portrait. But the object of studying the different angles of 
the human face, in the reading of character, is not to get the best looking 
view, but to watch for and obtain the different expressions as they come 
and go, and to observe the flashing, darting, glancing and rapid move¬ 
ment of the eye, so that you see the emotions, and almost read the very 
thoughts of an individual while he is in total ignorance of what you are 
trying to do. It is not well that the individual should know that you are 
trying to read him, because that would cause most persons to feel some¬ 
what confused, and present unnatural expressions; it would also put him 
on his guard, and so prevent you from correctly estimating, by presenting 
his best appearance. I remember a man whose general appearance was 
that cf a plain, unassuming, honest and sanctimonious kind of individual, 


16 


HOW TO READ CHARACTER. 


but whose hidden character did not appear till I observed the expression 
of his face and eye from a side view. It is not sufficient to study or ob¬ 
serve the face as a whole; but you must scrutinize every feature, and even 
parts of a feature. If it be the nose, observe its length, breadth, promi¬ 
nence; whether concave or convex, sharp or blunt, turned up or turned down 
at the point; if it be the mouth, its size and shape; whether straight or 
curved open or compressed, thick lips or thin lips, of a rosy, health) color, 
or pale, scabby, blue-black, dried-up lips; if it be the eye, notice the color, 
shape, size—whether projecting or sunken, brilliant or dull, fierce or mild, 
whether it looks you steadily in the face during conversation, or is rest¬ 
less, glancing in all directions; if the chin, whether prominent or deficient 
round or square, pointed or indented; if the eye-brows, whether raised 
and retiring from, or descending and projecting over the eye—whether 
they are covered with little or much hair, whether light or dark, whether 
they almost meet on the nose or are far apart. 

In observing the outline of the face, notice whether it is round, oval, 
oblong or pyriform. Likewise, notice the color of the hair, its quality— 
whether straight or curly, soft or stiff, scanty or in abundance. Study 
the tone and modulation of the voice in speaking and singing. Observe 
the walk, positions in sitting and standing, mode of shaking hands, the 
attitude taken while so doing ; the manner of laughing, style of dress, 
whether neat, tasty and clean, or slovenly, whether tightly buttoned up 
or loose and open. In fact, study a person from head to foot, in every 
conceivable manner you can think of. 

When a person makes a remark, or acts in a manner not quite clear to 
your mind, ask yourself the question: Why did that person say and do 
thus ? And do not rest contented till you have found out, if possible; for 
in so doing you will gain much knowledge in regard to the operations of 
the human mind as forming our every-day life and character, and you 
may likewise discover things you were not seeking to find out. 

Study people in their public life, their social life, their private life, their 
domestic life, and in their business transactions; then putting all these 
together, draw your inference, but never decide on the character of men 
or women from any one of these conditions in life, or you may form a 
one-sided and contracted idea of their real character. A man may be 
much censured and abused in public life, and adored in private; and 
thought little of, yes, even despised in social circles, but be a recognized 
hero in public life or business circles. 

Finally, do no not judge of a person so much by his great acts as his 
little acts. Great acts may be performed for show, public approbation, a 


HOW TO READ CHARACTER 


17 


name, or some selfish purpose; but the little acts always reveal the 
true and inner character. People are also cautious, wide-awake and 
guarded in their conspicuous deeds; but in little things they are not, 
hence they reveal their true nature without being aware of it. Especially 
is this the case with persons with large secretiveness; the more they try 
to evade and conceal their thoughts, motives and intentions, the more 
they show them to a close observer of little things. In fact, it is the act of 
trying to cover up, that exposes the very things they wish to hide. 




A CONFIDENCE MAN. 


Note the small, flat, half-shut form of the eyes, and that peculiar, palavering, hood¬ 
wink, peeping sort of expression accompanying them. Also, the long, sharp nose, which 
shows him to be long-headed, a planner and schemer ; and the prominence in the center 
of the nose proclaims him to be energetic in his theivish business. The fulness in the 
upper and center part of the forehead joining the hair, is caused by a large development 
of the organs of human nature or intuition, and in its perverted condition is w r hat particu¬ 
larly marks and makes him a confidence man The perverted use of a large development 
of the faculty of intuition is the cause of a vast amount of imposition, trickery, and dis¬ 
honest games of all kinds and degrees. 













AN ALSACIAN. 


An honest countenance. Compare this face with that of the confidence man, and his 
eyes with the Devil’s eye found in another part of this book. What a frank, open and 
sincere look is here expressed. His lips evince a sociable, warm-hearted, generous and 
loving nature. Such a man will like to pursue a straightforward course, and dispise trick¬ 
ery, artifice and deception. He would not appreciate being fooled or humbugged, but 
loves the real and earnest side of life. Must be treated fairly and honestly. 






SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 


Indications of a Fine Mind—A clear thinking Mind—A harmonious Character—A Mind 
that loves and appreciates that which is Beautiful— Is Beauty only skin-deep ?— 
Beautiful Eyes—Large, round, full and projecting Eyes—Excessive Passion— 
Laxity of the Passions—Pain and Pleasure—Dimples in the Cheek —A Suspicious 
Nature—Revenge—Sagacity—Colors of the Eye—Necessity of further discovery. 


It is not my intention, in this, work, to enter into an elaborate de¬ 
scription of the signs of character. Most books on this subject are too 
extensive and complicated for the public to peruse. My aim is to 
awaken in the mind of the reader sufficient interest to study for him or 
herself, by mentioning, in a brief manner, a few unmistakable signs. 

A fine mind is always indicated by a fine organization. As well look 
for the sun to shine at night, as to see elegance, taste, refinement and 
delicacy of thought in one whose body is rough, coarse and common. 
The skin of such a person should be pure-looking, soft, even, and of 
fine texture. The hair should likewise be very fine and soft. Mind 
molds and rules the body, and not the body the mind; therefore, if 
the mind is not finely organized, neither is the body. By fineness of mind, 
I mean texture or quality. Every person knows the difference between 
fine and coarse cloth. The coarse cloth may be the most serviceable for 
every-day wear, but the fine will be the most valuable, and therefore the 
most prized and taken care of, and will be used only on extra occasions. 
So with a fine and coarse mind—the latter may be good and moral, and 
best adapted for the common duties of life, but the former will be con¬ 
tented only in the higher, loftier and purer pursuits and walks of life. 

A clear-thinking mind is evinced by a dark sallow complexion; not a sick- 
ly-looking color. Such persons are generally calm, cool, and collected—are 
definite precise, systematic and comprehensive in their views and manner 
of saying and doing things. They seldom get confused in their ideas, 
and express themselves clearly and positively. 

A harmonious character, or one that is evenly balanced in the moral, 
social, intellectual and executive faculties, is manifested, first, by a general 
fullness and uniform appearance of the head. The skull should present 
an even surface—no bumps, because they indicate that there is a deficiency 




SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 


19 


of some other bumps (or, more properly speaking, organs) near by, or else 
the other organs are too large, and there is an excess of some kind. Heads 
that present the appearance of hills and valleys will show inconsistencies and 
contradictions of character, and a liability to extremes. Not only should 
the head be even, but equally developed and proportionate. It would be 
difficult to describe just what shape the head ought to be. A phrenological 
plaster-of-Paris head, with all the organs marked on it, will give you a 
fair idea; though different shapes of heads will indicate different types of 
character. The second sign is proportionate and beautifully and properly- 
formed features. If the nose is concave or convex, the mouth unpleasant 
to look at (having a pecular or objectionable expression around the 
corners), the chin deficient, and the eyes fixed, staring or evasive, look 
cut for some peculiar or mean trait of character. 

A mind that loves and appreciates that which is beautiful must have 
beautiful features, which consist in fine, delicate and harmonious combi¬ 
nations of form, connected with a pleasing and lovely expression. Form 
is the basis or frame-work of beauty; and two things or conditions are 
necessary to produce human beauty: first, the body, which is form; 
second, the soul or spirit, which gives expression through the form. 
These two qualities combined constitute what we term beauty. When I 
speak of beauty I mean the highest type. In some persons we see an ex¬ 
cess of mere physical beauty; in others, an excess of mental and moral 
beauty; and in a third class we see the physical and the moral equally 
combined. So there are many kinds and combinations of beauty, just as 
there are many kinds and combinations of colors. There are likewise 
many different tastes in regard to beauty. What one person admires 
another does not. So in regard to colors; some like red, some blue, 
some green, some violet, and so on. As a rule people like colors accord¬ 
ing to their passions or sentiments, and they appreciate and are fascinat¬ 
ed by that kind of beauty which is a reflex of their own minds or souls. 

It is an old saying that beauty is only skin-deep. I do not consider 
that true beauty in which the moral and social faculties do not lend their 
molding influence. Snakes have pretty skins, but we shudder at the 
very sight of them. A pretty face therefore, that on close inspection, 
reveals deceit, cunning or any kind of wickedness, cannot be called beau¬ 
tiful, unless it be called Satanic beauty. Addison has justly said that 
no woman can be handsome by the force of features alone, any more than 
she can be witty by the help of speech only. It is by the force of thought 
that the expression of virtue or vice is written upon the countenance, and 
the features improved or degraded. Beauty of mind and beautiful fea- 


20 


SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 


tures are therefore inseparably connected; for as a man thinks, so he 
will appear, and his face will be a mirror in which a skilled physiogno¬ 
mist can discern the ruling passsions of the soul. 

Be careful as to how far you trust or place confidence in persons who 
are very forward and bold, especially if they are anxious to pry into your 
secrets and private affairs. They are apt to be thievish or tainted with 
immorality. Loud talkers are also subjects of suspicion, so far as their 
morals are concerned. Small secretiveness and an emotional nature will 
naturally incline a person to speak louder than one possessing large 
secretiveness and a cool disposition. But the class I particularly refer to 
are persons who always aim to attract the attention of every person in the 
room, or on a steamboat or railway-car, on the streets and other public 
places, by talking loud enough to be heard above everybody else. When 
a woman does it you may know she is either vain and crazy to be taken 
notice of, and be the center of observation, or else she is fast; rest as¬ 
sured either modesty or virtue is wanting in such a woman. And when 
a man does it you may at once conclude he has more gab than sense, 
more blow and brag about him than genuine talent. Young women who 
snicker and laugh out loud at theatres or any public place of entertain¬ 
ment, and bore men to take them to such places, are, as a rule, bold, 
cheeky, saucy, /mpudent, and immodest in their behavior; and the less 
young men have to do with such girls or women the better for them 
financially as well as morally. 

While on a steamboat one night returning from Coney Island, I heard 
a great deal of laughter outside the cabin, but did not know just the 
cause of it till we landed. Among the passengers were two young women 
of decidedly fast or immoral natures. One of them was quite witty and 
cute, and by her odd ways and funny remarks had kept the passengers in 
a high state of merriment, and as I overheard one gentleman remark to 
another, “she was as good as a circus.” 

By mere accident—for I did not notice the direction these young wo¬ 
men took—I happened to get on the same car on the elevated railroad. 
There was but one vacant seat and that was right in front of that taken 
by the witty young woman; so wishing to study her face, I sat down and 
watched her while she continued to amuse the passengers on the car. 
She acted the part of a green girl, but she was a long way from being 
green, and when she left the car she did it in a way to set everybody in 
roars of laughter. That was her way of attracting attention and adver¬ 
tising herself and friend, and she seemed to have been quite successful, 
for the car was about one-third full of young men with wicked-looking 



capacity. The soul or spirit-life speaks through the eyes—the heart through the lips. 
Hence, large and beautiful eyes express a large soul, and full and finely formed lips be¬ 
speak a large heart. The above eyes are good, modest, and true in affection. 



Subterfuge and resistance to persons and things that are not congenial. A harsh, 
forbidding, repulsive disposition. Will shift, evade and resort to many ways to accom¬ 
plish a purpose or avoid failures or difficulties. Persons having such eyes are ever 
ready*to engage in some mean underhand or questionable action or transaction. Apt to 
suggest or insinuate. A sort of thunder and lightning character. Note the low and 
scowling eyebrows. 



Eye taken from a robber, thief, polygamist and libertine. Observe the fortn of the 
eye. Notice how some eyes are round, some flat and long in the angles. Also notice the 
expression of eyes, as it is from that chiefly you must determine whether their possessors 
are thieves, liars and libertines or not. This is a wicked eye and the lustful nature is 
shown in the thick, sharp under-eyelid. 





% 



Keen, sharp, penetrating, sarcastic, suspicious and jealous looking eyes Of a mirth¬ 
ful disposition and wide awake intelligent active mind. On the lookout for opportunities 
for making bargains and, if occasion occurs, take advantages in business or professional 
affairs. 



The business eye. 1 his eye is sharp and shrewd in managing human nature in a 
business way, and for self-interest. It is the eye of tact, discernment and judgment of 
human affairs. Persons with such eyes will make promises as a matter of policy, they have 
no idea of performing, and are seldom backward in lying for business purposes. They 
will smile on you. look as cute as a kitten and as innocent as a chicken, while they pour 
the oil of flattery over you in order to scoop you in financially. While not exactly a 
thievish eye, it is in some respects dishonest, because insincere and deceptive. Observe the 
drooping, hanging layer of flesh over the outer corner, which is the sign of the above 
description. 
























SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 


21 


faces. Nevertheless, this bad, witty young woman made one remark that 
was a sermon in itself—said she, “you can’t get to Heaven by goingto 
Coney Island; if you want to reform, you will have to stay away from 
there.” 

There is great necessity of being guarded and cautious in reading per¬ 
sons from mere appearance, or their assumed, affected and dignified 
mode of conversation and actions. Persons that are reticent, reserved, 
evasive and mysterious in their ways of acting, and general conduct, 
are subjects of suspicion, and are to be mistrusted more than those who 
are just the opposite. Common-sense however must be exercised in ap¬ 
plying this and all other rules. A person who is naturally reserved and 
reticent must not be hastily judged or classed among those who assume 
it or exercise it improperly. 

When men and women get drunk and quarrelsome they show and act 
out their real animal natures—that is, whatever animal, fish, bird, or rep¬ 
tile a person resembles in his disposition, he will show to perfection 
when intoxicated or enraged. If he has a low, vicious, mean or savage 
nature, he will manifest it; or if he resembles an animal or reptile of that 
nature, he will act like the brute he takes after. If a man has a mild, 
docile and harmless nature, like a sheep, deer or dove, for instance, he 
will never hurt anybody nor be quarrelsome, whether drunk or angry. 

Just so with a woman when she is pleased and petted—she is the sweet¬ 
est, most winsome and smiling creature on earth ; but cross her path and 
get her enraged and she becomes furious, and will show her real 
nature and act out her animal disposition. This was illustrated in a 
prize-fight that I heard of, between two women in or near Chicago. 
In the first round they followed tolerably well the rules of the ring, but in 
the second round their blood and tempers were up full-pitch : the dis¬ 
position of the animal they resembled showed itself, and they fought or 
rather scratched, bit and pulled each others’ hair, like two cats. When 
the fight was over, the defeated woman in order to get even with her an¬ 
tagonist, called in the police and had the whole crowd arrested. 

Woman in her present development, with all her charms and graces 
can seldom take defeat gracefully, and the reason is because approbative- 
ness is one of her controlling faculties and generally excessively large, 
which, combined with her sensitive organization and strong heart-impulses, 
renders her exceedingly bitter when anything or person wounds her feel¬ 
ings, or disappointment, defeat, or adversity crosses her pathway. What 
woman needs in this sensational as well as practical age,with her enlarged 
sphere of opportunities and usefulness, is a little more reason and self- 
control. 


22 


SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 


Another case of peculiar feminine nature was illustrated at the trial 
of a celebrated divorce case in California, in which an attempt was made 
fraudulently to secure property. 

When the decision was being read by a judge of the Supreme Court 
and the woman saw it was going against her, she jumped to her feet, in¬ 
sulted, and accused the judge of bribery, called him a monster and a 
devil, and persisted in talking till forcibly removed from the court-room^ 
and taken into the Marshal’s office, where she flew at the Marshal like a 
tigress. A search of her person was made to see if she had any concealed 
weapons, when it was found she had a British bull-dog revolver with every 
chamber loaded, secreted on her person, or in her sacchel ; which it was 
said she tried to get at while in the court-room. 

Her calling the judge a devil, reminds me of a pretty little woman at a 
mounted sword-combat, for a prize, between two rivals. 

Through an accident, which came near being serious, the battle was 
stopped, and during the excitemjent this little beauty elbowed her way 
through the crowd till she caught sight of the two muscular combatants, 
when she exclaimed with much feeling and emphasis: “There are those two 
devils.” But strange to say, that beauty was about as anxious as any 
body to get close to those men and take a good square look at them. 
No doubt women are sweet and pretty and loving, but when they get their 
tempers thoroughly aroused they are as furious as a wild beast, and when 
the devil gets into them they are as wicked, dangerous and murderous as 
any man. But I do not say all women or men either, come under this 
wild-cat classification. Some have lamb-like natures, and are innocent 
and harmless under all circumstances. 

Beautiful eyes, having finely arched and dark eyebrows, are not 
common in men, and they indicate, in the man who is fortunate enough 
to be so divinely blest, a genuine natural-born artist—one who has the 
soul to appreciate that which is beautiful and lovely. In women they de¬ 
note a love and desire for pleasure, beauty and the opposite sex, com¬ 
bined very often with a great deal of deviltry. The characteristics of this 
eye may likewise be found the same in both sexes. Wherever a lovely 
eye is seen, whether in man woman or beast, there you will find some ad¬ 
mirable trait of character: and wherever a mean-looking eye is to be 
seen, rest assured there is a mean disposition of some kind behind it. 

In regard to the color of eyes, I do not deem it prudent nor desirable 
for general purposes to go into a minute description of the different 
colors, with their varying tints and shades; it only tends to confuse and 
perplex the reader and get him into a sort of physiognomical fog. In 




\ 



JOSEF HOFMANN, 

The Boy Musician. 


Genius is rather a difficult thing to grasp and define, and more es¬ 
pecially to locate, in the physiognomy of the person. It is born before 
the individual in whom it resides; it is a spark from the intensely active 
mind—or one or two of its faculties—in one of the parents, either pre¬ 
vious to or during gestation; most likely the former. Atmospheric, 
climatic, and other external and physical conditions may likewise have 
something to do with the birth of genius. While I cannot clearly point 
out the image of genius in this remarkable boy’s countenance or features, 
I desire to call attention to one other phase of character, in addition to 
the musical-born soul which renders him a talented and effective per¬ 
former: it is tact, keenness, quickness, and sharpness of perception ; an 
instantaneous discernment of what should be done and how it should be 
done—that knowing, physico-perceptive instinct which sees into and 
readily analyzes everything pertaining to matter. It instantly perceives 
the nature, quality, or condition of a person or thing, and how it should 
be managed to accomplish or produce a certain result. It recognizes at 
a glance the uses of a thing, or what it is intended for, and how it should 
be used. It makes a boy wiser at the age of ten—in some things at 

least_than a young man without this quality would be at twenty. This 

faculty gives the talent for acting, managing, and executing one’s ideas 


or desires. It imparts a playful nature, and likes to tease and have fun 
at another’s expense. It is this cuteness of mind—this physico-percep- 
tive quality or faculty, if it may be called such—that aids this lad in his 
marvelous performances, and which, in connection with Causality and 
Constructiveness, imparts his ready talent to improvise. The physico- 
perceptive instinct which I allude to here, can be seen illustrated in the 
above engraving. Observe the sharpness and fullness of the upper eye¬ 
lid, or rather the fullness of flesh projecting over the eye. 

It has been suggested to me that a receding chin is a sign of musical 
talent, but whether this be true I cannot definitely say. I can conceive 
however, that the heart is apt to have more of a placid, yielding, suscep¬ 
tible and impressible nature in a slightly receding chin than in a pro¬ 
jecting one. The latter, indicative of strong mental force and a sort of 
bulldog persistence, may do for a general, reformer, or pushing business 
man; but the former, or rather the characteristics, I judge, that go with 
it, are certainly more conducive to the musical and especially the sing¬ 
ing soul. The slightly receding chin and under lip, as seen in this boy, 
are certainly not objectionable signs, especially so far as musical ability 
is concerned. But if the chin recedes more than the one in the above 
illustration, it shows weakness of mental power in some form. It has 
been stated that a slightly receding under lip is one of the signs of genius; 
of that I cannot say positively, but it seems to hold good in this boy’s 
case. 


In general outline and shape, this ear is a 
blending of the Patti, Damrosch and Thomas ears. 
Its main resemblance lies in the interior modelling, 
rather than in the outline or rim of the ear. The 
rim seems to be more in keeping with the ear of 
Thomas, and the inside surface more like the ears 
of Damrosch and Patti. It is not, however, as ex¬ 
quisitely and beautifully formed as that of Dam 
rosch, and even many other persons less noted as 
musicians, but whose temperament and organic 
quality are of a higher type. And it must be re¬ 
membered that other characteristics and peculiar¬ 
ities of organism modify the formation of the ear 
besides musical talent. 



The Ear of 
Josef Hofmann. 


*3 


SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 

my judgment, much that has been said and written about eyes and their 
color is more poetical and fanciful than scientific. In a condensed form, 
however, I feel safe in making the following statements : 

Blue eyes express calmness of mind, evenness and cheerfulness of 
disposition, goodness, purity, and constancy of the affections ; and the 
darker the blue the stronger and purer the affections ; but the intellect 
will be of ordinary strength, not deep nor original. 

Brown eyes—not the black-looking kind—show a warm, susceptible* 
frank, confiding, social, generous, loving and sincere nature. Hazel 
eyes bespeak an impulsive if not rash disposition, and ardent, intense 
affections, though I doubt if the affections are constant ; I think they 
are inclined to coquetry. 

Black eyes, or those apparently black, denote strong passions, which 
frequently become violent when excited and inclined to go on the war-path 
and seek revenge for real or fancied wrongs; they are not good in keeping 
secrets; they will tattle and tell things behind one’s back on slight prov¬ 
ocation. The reason some eyes of dark shades look black—such as 
saffron, dark-brown and grey—is partly on account of their distance 
from us and partly due to the nature and quantity of light we see them 
in and the way the light falls upon the eyes. The beautiful dark-grey 
eye that looks almost black at night is ever changing its tints and shades, 
according to the light we see it in and the distance from which we 
observe it. 

Yellow eyes mean a cruel disposition, the feline nature; and green 
eyes, deceit or jealousy; sometimes both. All tints of light eyes, 
whether grey or blue, I regard as more or less secretive, disposed to 
keep things to themselves, to hide or cover up what they do not want 
exposed. 

The grey eye, especially the greenish-grey, having a mixture of orange 
and blue, is particularly expressive of intelligence—that is, a naturally 
intelligent and original mind. It is probably the most intelligent of all 
eyes. The affections are also deep and strong, but more inclined to 
love through appreciation of beauty, intelligence or worth of some kind 
than through the force of mere brute passion. Byron, Shakespeare, and 
Walter Scott are said to have had grey eyes of the greenish-grey tint. 
In reading character from color, bear in mind that a pure, simple 
color—such as blue, brown, yellow, green or grey—means one thing, and 
a tint or shade of either color, quite another; and likewise in the blend¬ 
ing of tints and colors. The blending of different colors in various 
proportions in the human eye, hair and skin, is as largely indicative of 


24 


SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 


different phases and types of character as are the same variations in the 
hands of an artist productive of different results in a work of art. 

The taste for music, together with the talent for producing it, is oest 
indicated in the formation of the ears. The more fully developed the 
faculty of music, and the more exquisite the taste for it, the more beau¬ 
tiful and perfect will be the shape, modulation and position of the ear 
When the edge or rim of the ear is rounding and even, and not too | 
thick, presenting a graceful and pretty appearance, there will be found 
a taste for music, and frequently, though not always, the talent to pro¬ 
duce it. To determine the existence of musical talent it is well, even 
necessary, to study the whole face and temperament of a person ; but 
with the round ear there will always be found a fine perception of and 
taste for melody and harmony, whether vocal or instrumental. The 
position of the ear is likewise an important consideration, because if it 
lies too close to the head it does not catch sounds so readily, and there¬ 
fore is not so good in either the practice or enjoyment of music as the 
one that stands well out or forward from the head. It is a cheerful 
thought that whatever refines the soul and purifies the heart beautifies 
all the features, especially the mouth and ears ; and so far as music is 
concerned, both these features might be studied to advantage, because 
the one receives sound and the other gives it forth. As the natural 
character and the heart-nature are so strongly indicated in the mouth or 
lips, and a musical voice and talent are largely dependent upon these 
two conditions—heart and character—it is self-evident that musical 
ability is, to a certain extent at least, portrayed in the mouth. Then the 
internal structure of the mouth, including the throat, is indicative of 
singing-ability. First-class singers, especially those who can sing the 
highest notes, have a high and well-arched roof. If the roof of the 
mouth is too flat, it deadens the voice. The internal form of the mouth 
has as much to do with the singer’s voice as the shape and porportions 
of a hall or room have with its acoustic properties. Even the length of 
the uvula or soft palate affects the voice, and some singers, the Italians 
I am told, have the point of it nipped off. The structure and position 
of the tongue is also an important consideration, as well as the structure 
of the glottis and the size of the windpipe. I am also inclined to be¬ 
lieve that musical talent expresses itself in the chin, though to what 
extent or in just what way I am hardly prepared to state. Phrenolog- 
ically, the musical organs are located in the side of the forehead, but 10 
most persons the ear will be the most convenient and safest feature to 
read by, I will remark here that young people who contemplate study- 


SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 


2 5 


ing music as a profession, had better ascertain whether they have a 
musical ear, mouth and throat, before they spend much of their time 
and money for that kind of education. Being ambitious to be a singer 
or player and having the talent for it are two different things, nor does 
a taste for music imply an equal talent to produce it. There are thou¬ 
sands who dearly like music, but never amount to anything as perform¬ 
ers. Then a distinction must be made in talent for vocal and instru¬ 
mental music. A person may be a good player but a poor singer, or a 
good singer but a poor player, or a good composer or director, and yet 
have no voice to sing. To be a composer requires a good development 
of the intellectual faculties, including reason, mathematical and con¬ 
structive talent; and the instrumental performer must be mechanical as 
well as artistic, and better still if he has large mental imitation ; but 
the singer’s qualities spring more from the heart, disposition, and senti¬ 
ment, combined with a proper physical organization to give expression 
and vent to the feelings. A well-developed chest, with a throat framed 
on the principle of the canary-bird, and large language are also essential 
to a good singer. 

The tones of the voice have a wonderful influence in the control of 
children. Veneration softens the voice and gives it a soothing, win¬ 
some, melting and drawing power ; whereas too much firmness and com¬ 
bativeness, especially if mixed with a dose of dyspepsia, makes the 
voice hard, harsh, grating, irritating and repulsive. Its effects upon 
children is to chill their young and sensitive hearts and blunt the finer 
susceptibilities of their souls. Coarse, ignorant mothers and teachers 
often speak to children as if they were driving a strange dog or cat out 
of the house. This in time hardens the heart of the child and frequently 
develops a tough nature, which ends its career in the penitentiary. 

Happiness tends to make the face beautiful, but misery mars it ; 
because, whatever injures the feelings and irritates the mind has a cor¬ 
responding reaction upon the brain, nerves and muscles, and thus spoils 
the beauty of the countenance. 

Short legs, projecting posterior, giving a hollow appearance to the 
small of the back, is a sign of baseness, carnality or licentiousness, and 
repulsiveness also, if the spine is long; spiritual and noble-minded char¬ 
acters are not found in such a form. 

The individual who takes very short steps and has a sort of labored, 
fussy, hurried walk, is a person who is somewhat self-important in feel¬ 
ing/an enthusiast, over-zealous, and makes much ado about little. 

Persons who are themselves addicted to lying are slow to believe that 
other people tell the truth. On this principle, the man who is con- 


26 


SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 


stantly shouting “thief!” “thief!” to somebody else, is very apt to be 
the biggest thief himself. 

One of the distinguishing characteristics of low types of humanity is 
flatness of the nose and the whole face, and as this is a characteristic of 
the animal kingdom, it shows how near such persons and types are to 
the animal, and how far from the spiritual. The face and head are like¬ 
wise broad rather than long. As men become refined, intellectual and 
spiritual the head and face elongates and the features stand out; in fact, 
the whole center of the face becomes prominent. These characteristics 
are particularly noticeable when a side-view of the face is seen and 
studied. 

Some writer has said that “great poets, artists and lovers never 
lose their childlike expression of wonder.” I believe this to be true, 
because a childlike nature is consistent with genius; and genius and 
greatness require a vast amount of heart and soul-nature, and these two 
qualities are particularly characteristic of children. 

Laxity of the passions causes the lips to separate, open, and imparts to 
the lower lip a drooping, hanging appearance; while self-control and 
stringency cause them to close and present a tight, compressed appear¬ 
ance. When both conditions are equal—that is, the passions strong but 
under control, the lips will have a full, curving, but closed and natural 
appearance, neither open nor compressed. 

Pain is objectionable, though not injurious; pleasure is agreeable, 
hence, the love of it like the love of money, knows no bounds, and has a 
tendency to lead one into excess. Therefore those most fond of pleasure 
are in the greatest danger of being led astray and finally ruined. 

The more people develop their selfish natures the more they cramp 
their souls and the smaller they become; on the same principle that wo¬ 
men cramp their waists by tight-lacing, injuring their health and spoiling 
the natural shape of their bodies. Thus selfishness injures the character 
of the soul and mars its facial expression, whereas, generosity expands 
the soul and makes it beautiful. 

Excess of reason and calculation may lead a man to stinginess, avarice, 
or extreme economy, especially if the lips are thin and cautiousness 
large. 

In men of genius the convolutions of the brain are deeper than in 
persons of ordinary talent; hence there is a greater amount and surface 
of neurine or gray matter, which is the thinking part of the brain, and is 
indicated by the uneven or hilly appearance of the skull. In sluggish 
persons, and those of common minds, the skull is much smoother. A 



THE EAR OF Dr. LEOPOLD DAMROSCH. 

This is the most beautifully and exquisitely formed ear I have ever seen, especially 
for a man. Note how regular, graceful and rounding the outline, and how thin and sau¬ 
cer-like the edge or rim of the ear is. Then the modelling of the inner surface between 
the rim and opening of the ear is exquisitely intricate and uncommon. Taken as a whole 
it denotes an exceedingly fine, sensitive, nervous and musical temperament; a refined and 
high type of physical and mental organism; a soul that could soar and shine only in some 
high and noble pursuit, and would chafe under restraint, failure and the annoyances which 
'’ome from the cares of every day life. 



THE EAR OF ADELINA PATTI. 

The peculiarity of this ear, aside from its being long and narrow, is the thin rim or 
edge and its being scooped or hollowed out at the edge, like the rim of a saucer It is 
found only in persons of exquisite sensibility and the highest order of soul nature, delicacy 
and musical susceptibility. Another characteristic in the ear of the vocal or musical 
genius, is the fine modelling and graceful undulations of the inside surface of the ear, 
between the opening and the rim. But Patti though a singer of the highest order is not a 
• musician , nor has she the ear of a musician. 




The ear of Theodore Thomas. This 
ear differs from Patti’s in being broader 
across the center. Pier’s is comparatively 
long and narrow, and I think, as a rule, 
though there may be exceptions, that the 
long ear is more associated with singing 
talent and the broad with instrumental 
and the ability to direct or conduct. In 
other words, the broad, round ear marks 
the musician, and the long, narrow, round 
ear the vocalist In some persons these 
or similar forms of ears may simply indi¬ 
cate the love of music without the talent 
to produce it. My idea of the philosophy 
of broad ears being associated with musi¬ 
cians and long ears with singers, is that 
the broad ear goes with the broad head, 
and the broad head with the muscular 
form, the long ear with the long head, and 
the long or high head with the nervous 
temperament, which gives sensitiveness 
and exquisiteness. 


A dull and stupid expression. A kind 
of forsaken and old maidish look. The big, 
long ears as well as the expression proclaim 
the character. Such ears—sharp-pointed— 
have no affinity for music. 



The Unmusical Ear. Observe the 
angular and sharp-pointed form of the top 
of this ear. It is built on the same prin¬ 
ciple as the long, sharp-pointed ears of 
the ass and the mule, which animals are 
not noted for their appreciation of music. 
Any ear that is irregular, poorly-formed 
and ugly in appearance, lacks musical 
taste and ability. 

The Musical Ear. The rounded, 
well-formed ear, that sets forward and out¬ 
ward instead of being flat on the head, is 
a pretty good sign of musical taste, and 
frequently of talent. The voice, however, 
depends upon the structure of the vocal 
organs, the knowledge of using them, the 
temperament of the person and the char¬ 
acter or disposition. 










Shows a nature that is not sweet, pleasant nor agreeable. Sourness and dissatisfac¬ 
tion can be seen in the curl of these lips, which warp the affections and render the charac¬ 
ter crooked and deformed. Such natures generally see the disagreeable side of other 
people rather than their better traits of character. 



A good mouth. It shows a cheerful, happy and kind-hearted disposition. The merry, 
laughing nature is expressed in the turned up and indented corners. The love-nature 
neither too strong nor deficient, though the affeetions are more passive than active that 
is, they are not demonstrative, but may be drawn out or acted upon. 



Deficient heart-nature. The affections cold and deficient and of a low order. Noth¬ 
ing noble or angelic in such a nature. Mouth poorly formed, and very commonplace. 
Not capable of experiencing any lofty sentiments or fine, deep feeling. The sins of such 
persons will be sins of omission rather than commission. Some persons are morally good 
because they have not enough in them to become bad. 


\ 














28 


SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 


souled laughter and a cheerful, contented mind. There is a time to l^ugh, 
however, and a time when it is improper. There are things worth 
laughing at, and things that are not. Sensible and intelligent people do 
not laugh unless they see or hear something worth laughing at; but silly, 
nonsensical people laugh at things that are not worth noticing laugh 
when they should not, when there is nothing to laugh at, and even on 
sacred and serious occasions. 

Dimples in the cheek indicate a good-natured, lovable and merry dispo¬ 
sition, fond of being petted, and susceptible to the charms of music. 
They are found only in round and full forms and with blonde or light 
complexions, not in the dark and angular faces. When seen in the chin, 
they are said to indicate a desire to be loved, love of society and a warm 
nature. 

Sagacity is indicated by a short, round neck, which seems set in the 
shoulders, as Dr. Simms, the physiognomist, justly observes. Napoleon 
Bonaparte, General Grant and D. L. Moody, the evangelist, are good 
illustrations. 

On general principles, large-boned people are more honest, solid and 
reliable than small-boned persons, and have more enduring constitutions 
and stronger characters—like Lincoln, Jackson and the Duke of Well¬ 
ington, the first particularly being made up of more bone than any other 
material. The most useful animals to man, such as the horse, ox and 
camel, are large-boned, and have wonderful physical endurance; whereas 
some of the most useless and deceptive animals have small bones, though 
plenty of muscle, such as the fox, skunk, porcupine, panther, and animals 
of the cat species. Small-boned people, however, have more of the warm 
and social nature and are inclined more to music. 

All savage and destructive animals have heads formed on the broad 
and flat, or round principle, such as lions, tigers, leopards and rattle¬ 
snakes. All timid, docile and inoffensive animals have narrow heads 
between the ears, and are generally long-faced, like the horse, deer, hare 
and rabbit; so men, as a rule, with wide heads from ear to ear, have more 
force, management and executive ability than men with thin heads. If 
the head is very broad and deficient in moral and intellectual faculties, 
then the possessor of such a hea*d may, on provocation, become rough 
and brutal in his treatment of animals or other persons. But when a wide 
head is well balanced with the intellectual and moral organs, you have 
talent, worth and power combined. A person with such a head will try 
and develop, put into execution or carry out any new or general idea he 
may have—in other words, thoughts become actions. Hence, force, 


SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 


27 


preponderance of the vital temperament, likewise tends to smoothness of 
skull and roundness of form. 

Sharp, bony knuckles belong to persons who are fond of physical exer¬ 
cise, hence they are good walkers and workers; but fleshy hands that 
scarcely show any knuckles, belong to lazy persons, and if the flesh is 
soft and flabby, they are simply useless individuals in the world—almost 
too lazy to exist. They prefer to sit down and take things easy, or ride 
everywhere they want to go, and are perfectly contented in doing little, 
except to eat, drink, sleep and lie around the house. 

A person of taste and refinement may be known by fine, soft and neat 
hair, while a dirty slovenly person, will have coarse hair, and an untidy, 
slouchy appearance of the whole head. The fine hair of the rabbit, in con 
trast with that of the hog, will serve as an illustration. 

With the nervous temperament excessive, the affections are often in¬ 
constant, fictitious and sickly rather than firm, hearty and real, and the 
judgment not trustworthy. There is, also, a great desire for novelty and 
change, with a ready capacity to learn and forget, and extreme or abnor¬ 
mal sensitiveness. 

Goethe says nothing is more significant of a man’s character than what 
he finds laughable, and I may add, also, the kind of laugh. Rowdies may 
be known by their laugh on the street, as far as they can be heard. Wise 
men and fools do not laugh alike, nor do rough, ignorant people laugh 
the same as the refined and intelligent. There is the suppressed, secret¬ 
ive laugh in contrast with the loud and open. The giggling laugh, and the 
hearty, whole-souled laugh, are easily distinguished and recognized by 
observation and attention. The laugh is indicative of the quality of the 
voice and one of the means by which its tones are expressed, probably as 
much so as singing or speaking, and the voice being one of nature’s 
strongest and most discernible signs of the natural character, especially 
the heart and soul-nature, it is self-evident that the laugh is a gleeful 
bubbling, effervescent manifestation of some phase of character; just as 
the rippling stream, the purling brook, the silent river, the dashing, 
thundering cataract expresses the kind of channel, direction and depth of 
moving water in narrow streams. It is not modest nor is it a sign of 
culture or natural refinement to be constantly laughing at one’s own 
statements or remarks in social and general conversation. It looks like an 
effort to get up a little enthusiasm and force others to laugh, whether 
they want to or not. There are few things more depressing to the mind 
and injurious to the body than grief, fretting and turning oneself into a 
sort of living sepulchre; and nothing more healthful than hearty, whole- 


Showing the upper lip projecting over the under lip. Such mouths represent a dispo' 
sition in their owners to impress themselves strongly upon others; are advancing in man¬ 
ner and behavior, and have generally considerable conceit, egotism or vanity. 



Immodest, indelicate, fond of a gay and fast life, luxurious living ; high glee. Sen¬ 
suality hangs out its sign remarkably plain in this mouth. Modesty and purity are to such 
natures lost virtues. It would need a river of Divine grace to flow through the heart for 
some time to cleanse its impurities and straighten its social deformity. 



The Mouth of Wendell Fhillips. The setting and expression of these lips bespeak 
carefulness and precision of speech—a sort of mathematical exactness in the use of words, 
as well as readiness, clearness and fluency of utterance. Firmness, positiveness and much 
self control and self denial is likewise expressed. 


The peculiarity of this nose is that it all seems to be crowded down to the point. It 
projects far out from the lip, but does not turn up or down. It is an uncommon nose; 
and after considerable study, I noticed and concluded that it belonged only to persons 
having a clear, natural insight into business affairs, being able to see what will pay, and 
make it a success, imparting what I propose to call business scent , for such a man can 
smell business as easily as a dog can smell and trace his master. This and the Jewish 
nose are two decided and opposite types of business noses, and their ideas of business and 
methods of doing it will probably be as widely different. The Jewish type would be more 
speculative and risky. The above more conservative, slow, sure and economical. 



Lips that express too much heart-nature Both the active and passive forces of the 

heart are strong, rendering the person a little too soft and calfish. Persons with such 

mouths are by nature disposed to live and act too much under the promptings and retgn of 
the physical nature. In some respects quite generous, free and easy go.ng ; in other respects, 
selfish'and hoggish especially in things pertaining to the appetites or physical senses. 






This mouth shows a cold, stingy, selfish and unloving nature. Has considerable 
self control, and combined with the nose, a tendency to be economical and make money 
It also denotes a coarse and low-type organism. Disposition sober and serious, rather chan 
lively, as seen in the expression and downward curvature of the lips. 



Long-headed, shrewd, penetrating, thoughtful and suspicious mind. Is somewhat 
ingenious if not inventive, decidedly suggestive and fertile in ideas or plans, and of a 
melancholic turn of mind. The tendency of such noses or minds is earthly rather than 
heavenly. They like—figuratively speaking—to dig down in searching for things or 
truths. Observe the nose is long and the point drooping, forming an acute angle with the 
upper lip. 







SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 


29 


energy, policy, push, management and business ability or tact is gener¬ 
ally found in such heads, though a man may have large energy, will 
power, enterprise, ambition and business ability, where the head is long 
and of only natural width, as also a man with a wide head may be so con¬ 
stituted as to lack executive ability; the reader must take observations in 
order to discriminate for himself. 

There are three distinct forms of faces in the Caucasian race: the 
round, oblong and pyriform or egg shape; each form having a character 
peculiar to itself. With the round, plump face we find contentment, 
ease, pleasing natures, willing to accommodate themselves to others, 
they are yielding, pliable and easily pleased. The oblong form shows 
strength of character, power, greatness, success, clear judgment and busi¬ 
ness talent; the Pyriform is sensitive, brilliant, intense; inclined to be fickle 
or changeable, imaginative, quick, sharp and keen rather than powerful. 

Whenever a man aspires to, or claims to know or do, something, or ad¬ 
vocates any new truths or doctrines that are not fashionable or popular to 
the public mind, their prejudice will at once be aroused, and they will de¬ 
nounce him as a quack or humbug. On the same principle, when an 
individual assumes to know more on a given subject, and attempts or 
offers to give instruction to a conceited person, he will turn up his nose, 
despise and reject not only the information, however valuable it may be, 
but also the individual, and most likely, if in his power, hold the person 
up to ridicule and scorn, or when the opportunity is afforded, make all 
sorts of fun out of the subject and person. Such is generally the course 
of action pursued by people (of whom there are not a few) who are alto¬ 
gether too wise in their own conceit. 

A suspicious nature is generally lound with a long, hooking-nose and 
large human-nature, a faculty located in the center and top of the fore¬ 
head. If large secretiveness be added, you may be sure to find suspicion 
with such a nose. Such persons suspect, surmise or imagine the exist¬ 
ence of something without any reason for so doing. Suspicion, therefore, 
is the opposite of faith, the nature of which is to believe a thing without 
evidence. Jealousy, the mind’s toothache, that gnawing worm that eats 
out the happiness of thousands, arises from a mixture of suspicion and a 
desire to be loved. The latter condition being indicated by the indented 
or dimpled chin. Many husbands and wives keep themselves and their 
companions in a state of mental torture through their unfounded and 
cruel suspicions. 

Revenge or retaliation, will generally be found in dark races, or indi¬ 
viduals of dark hair and complexion, having a hollow in the center of the 


30 


SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 


forehead. The dark races are certainly more inclined to revenge than 
are the light. An implacable disposition may be read in the protruding 
under lip, 

A strong social nature is shown in open, protruding, red lips, especially 
when the cheeks are full, the abdomen large, and the eyes bright, large 
and expressive. The individual may be quite sociable without all these 
conditions, but rest assured where you see small eyes, compressed and 
thin lips, chin small, and the whole face having a thin, sharp, peaked 
appearance, you will find a lack of real social nature, that kind of nature 
that is spontaneous, warm and demonstrative. You must make a dis¬ 
tinction between a friendly, sympathetic nature, that can be warmed up 
on certain occasions, and manifest friendship towards those they become 
thoroughly acquainted with, and that Christ-like outgoing nature that has 
a kind word and hearty shake of the hand for the stranger as well as the 
friend. Cats and dogs are sociable when they become acquainted, and 
human beings ought to be a step in advance, a degree above animals, and 
be sociable without friendship acquaintance. 

The largest and most active organ or organs of the brain will deter¬ 
mine the general tone or character of conversation. Thus, if approba- 
tiveness is the ruling faculty, the social conversation of those possessing 
it will be chiefly about themselves, their own business and social affairs, 
or those relatives, friends and acquaintances they may feel it to be a 
credit or benefit to themselves to speak of. If amativeness and conju¬ 
gality are the largest they will talk much about the opposite sex, court¬ 
ship, marriage and love-affairs in all their various phases. What people 
think about the most, they like to talk about when they have the oppor¬ 
tunity. If they are intelligent they will talk intellectually. If really 
pious, they will love to talk on religious subjects. If very social, they 
will talk about social topics. If wicked and licentious, they will say 
wicked things, and their conversation will be too dirty, filthy and foul to 
listen to. I have known even Christian men to tell some of the most 
licentious and corrupting stories I ever heard. Who can calculate the 
number of young minds that are poisoned and may be ruined by evil 
communications? One smutty story will do more harm than a dozen ser¬ 
mons will do good. Men are punished for writing, publishing and selling 
obscene literature; and ought not any man or woman to be arrested and 
punished in some way forgiving vent to vile ideas in verbal language ? 
Men'who curse and swear, and write smut on the walls and doors of pub¬ 
lic and private places should be severely punished; it is degrading to the 
lowest degree, and springs from a corrupt heart. The perverted condi- 


SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 


31 


tion of the love propensity is the cause of all moral filth, swearing and 
murder included. 

Just in proportion as a person resembles some animal in facial ap¬ 
pearance, will he resemble that animal in its natural characteristics ; 
hence those who resemble monkeys are imitative. The monkey is ever 
ready to do what he sees somebody else do, but at the same time he is 
cunning enough not to injure himself ; like the pet monkey who saw 
his master shave himself, and concluded he would turn barber too, but 
decided to try it on the cat first. A cunning, artful and mischievous 
spirit is largely associated with the talent for imitating. The imitative 
power of the monkey, however, and all such persons as resemble it, is 
simply physical—that is, it relates to actions and manners rather than 
ideas or character. The sign of physical or monkey imitation in persons 
is to be seen chiefly in the expression of the eyes. I am well acquainted 
with two noted imitators, and both of them look like monkeys, about the 
eyes. Neither of them is particularly intelligent, but they can imitate 
almost anything. Combined with this monkey likeness there is gen¬ 
erally an amorous and decidedly magnetic look to the eyes. The face 
is also inclined to the oblong or pyriform shape, and the mouth large 
rather than small, and very flexible. 

The disposition to search, hunt, investigate and turn oneself into a 
sort of detective, is associated with large perceptive powers ; which is 
indicated by prominence of the forehead over the eyes and nose and 
face rather thin and angular than round or plump. This is a commend¬ 
able trait for individuals to possess if properly used ; and those who are 
deficient in it should vigorously cultivate it. It is a progressive trait of 
character, and tends to enlighten the mind, inspire the judgment, dispel 
narrow-mindedness and prejudice; aids in discovery and invention and 
the acquiring of a useful fund of knowledge of a decidedly practical 
nature. Those people who never go out of their way to see, hear, or 
find anything new, remain stationary in their ideas and general affairs of 
life. Whenever you find a man who is small and narrow in his ideas, and 
whose brain apparently can hold only one idea, you may be sure he has not 
done much exploring, travelling, nor critically examined the people and 
things of the world around him. A great many people are like an im¬ 
aginary man who walks through the world with his eyes almost shut, in 
a straight, narrow, beaten path, and turns neither to the right nor to the 
left to see what the earth contains. So there are men in the various 
professions of life who never see nor investigate anything outside of 
their own calling; hence they are poorly informed, poor critics, and fre- 


3 2 


SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 


quently have erroneous ideas. On this principle, rich and poor, em¬ 
ployer and employe, fail to understand one another, and become es¬ 
tranged, just because the hunting, searching and inquiring spirit is not 
more fully developed and actively exercised, by and through which they 
would become better acquainted with the facts and conditions pertain¬ 
ing to one another’s character, necessities and life. And it is to this 
same cause the Church is not so potent for doing good as it might and 
ought to be. Christians and Christian ministers particularly, do not 
properly nor thoroughly study human nature. The most they know 
about it—with few exceptions—is what they get out of their theological 
text-books, religious literature and personal contact with their own con¬ 
gregations. Were they to go on a hunting and exploring expedition 
occasionally among other classes and races of people, they would gather 
fresh ideas, become broader-minded and far more successful and effective 
in their work. Henry Ward Beecher was a Phrenologist, studied it, and 
at one time lectured on it; and in his daily intercourse with people, of 
course studied the face also. This gave him a knowledge of persons and 
power over them he never could have possessed any other way. 

Persons with retreating chins are deficient in mental force and physical 
energy. They may be intelligent and talented, but will never amount to 
much ; they will not be prominent or marked in character ; will not impress 
their individuality upon the world. They will never be the pioneers of 
any great truth or principle, as was Wendell Phillips, whose prominent 
chin tells the story of his remarkable mental and physical perseverance 
and persistence. 

Although much has been done to enable us to perceive the character 
and disposition of the mind from external signs in the body, there is need 
of other discoveries. The same faculties manifest themselves in various 
ways in different persons. It is the education of the faculties, or lack of 
it, that makes up the diversity of their manifestations as much or more so 
than the faculties themselves. Hence the phrenologist, before he can be 
perfect, must discover a method by which he can determine or read in 
what manner and under what influence each faculty has been developed. 
I believe that these conditions, and the peculiar disposition of each per¬ 
son imparted by the animal propensities (or the organs lying at the base 
of the brain), must be observed from the expression of the countenance. 




EXPRESSION. 


How it is caused or produced—Perfection of Character—What the Organic Quality 
does—Lines and Expression around the Mouth—Fine Features—What gives the 
Eyes their Individual and peculiar look—Fascinating Power of the Eye—What 
Persons notice most in others—What the Face as a whole, reveals—Language 
of the Chin Formation of Jaws in relation to Will-Power—The Mouth, the 
Nose, the Eyes—Meaning of the words Mind, Spirit and Soul—What the Eyes 
express—Black Eyes — Light Eyes—Round Eyes—Flat Eyes—What the Hair in- 
dicates^The different Colors and Quality—A properly developed Character—How 
to Think right—The Lips and what they indicate—Signs of Character in the 
Walk—Restless, craving, passionate Nature—Gum-chewing Women. 


It is the exercise of the faculties that gives expression to the face, 
and as no two persons have exactly a corresponding combination of facul¬ 
ties and temperaments, so there are no two persons possessing the same 
look, appearance or likeness. Each faculty stamps its own peculiar lan¬ 
guage upon the countenance. A dormant faculty makes little or no impress¬ 
ion upon the face ; it leaves a vacancy; the language of that faculty is not 
there. Active benevolence gives a beaming, urbane look ; agreeableness 
imparts a winning, pleasing look ; amativeness, a fascinating look, but 
if perverted, a lascivious, tempting and wicked look ; resistance and firm¬ 
ness, a set, stern look ; language, an expressive appearance around 
the eye ; ideality, a beautiful look ; self-esteem, a dignified look ; 
causality, a thoughtful look ; and so on. The larger and more active 
the facult3 T , the more marked will be its character upon the face. But it 
is the combination of all the faculties in their various degrees of develop¬ 
ment and activity that gives the identical, definite look to each individual. 
Hence, the secret of reading a person by the face is in the ability to dis¬ 
cern, by mere expression, what faculties or qualities of mind are pictured 
on the countenance, and to discover whether they are used in a proper 
direction or perverted manner. We are attracted or repelled according 
to the language of the faculties we most admire ; and I suppose we like 




34 


EXPRESSION. 


to see in others the same qualities of mind we possess ourselves. Is not 
this the theory and secret of love? 

Perfection of character depends on the perfection and harmonious 
development of all the organs of the mind and body. They must all be of 
equal size and strength. The temperaments and the organic quality must 
also be equally combined. 

The greater any given organ or faculty, the greater will be its power, 
its capacity of enjoyment, and the more will it require to receive satis¬ 
faction. 

It is the organic quality that gives tone, grade and value to one’s 
character, talents, feelings and thoughts. If that condition is large, the 
whole nature, physical and mental, is of a high type and standard ; but if 
deficient, then it is altogether low and common, and the mind is more of 
an animal and earthly nature, no matter what may be the size of the 
organs. The faculty of conscientiousness cannot be relied upon, as it may 
br led by the selfish propensities and animal desires. Besides, its sensi¬ 
tiveness is greatly diminished when the organic quality is low. Mirth- 
fulness, with such an organization would manifest itself in foolish jesting, 
and, if destructiveness is also prominent, would delight in tormenting 
other persons or dumb animals, just for fun ; but in a higher nature, 
mirthfulness would be intelligent wit. Amativeness and conjugality, with 
a high and finely-developed organism, would be pure, true, exalted and 
spiritual love ; but with the opposite condition, would be common, tend¬ 
ing to a mere animal feeling, even if moral—and if not moral, would be 
low, base and degrading in its influence ; and so with all the faculties of 
the human mind. In observing character, therefore, the organic quality 
is the first thing to be observed, as that is the foundation upon which the 
whole man is built, and the key that unlocks the entire character. The 
organic quality imparts a peculiar cast to the countenance and marks a 
person as distinct from the ordinary class of men and women. It gives a 
pure, noble and exalted form and expression to the face, an honest, sin¬ 
cere and Godlike countenance. 

The lines and expression around the mouth betray and reveal the 
state of the heart, as to whether it is good-natured, mean, sarcastic, sen¬ 
sual, refined, peaceful, happy, disappointed, sour, etc. Too much import¬ 
ance cannot be attached to the study of the mouth in reading character ; 
because as the heart is, so will be the natural character, and no other feature 
so clearly expresses the shape or the mold in which the heart is cast as 
the mouth or lips. 


EXPRESSION. 


35 


The finer the features, and the smoother and more delicate the hair and 
skin, the purer and finer will be the mind and feelings : a rough face, a 
rough mind or character. There are different kinds of roughness, however ; 
the reader must learn to distinguish between that kind of roughness whicn 
indicates power or strength, and that which reveals simply a coarse or low 
mind. One thing necessary in reading character is the ability to discern 
the size and relative proportion of all the faculties, and to tell the kind 
of feeling and talent different combinations of faculties will produce- 
just the same as an artist can tell what color a combination of other colors 
will produce ; or the chemist what will be the effect of a mixture of differ¬ 
ent chemicals, or of the same colors and chemicals in different proportions. 

The round, smooth baby-looking faces have not the force and strength 
of character that the rough, angular and uneven faces have ; and when 
the lines are deep and the features or prominences of the face strongly 
marked, you may expect to find originality of thought and profundity of 
mind, with distinguished character of some kind ; but in the smooth, un¬ 
wrinkled face, look out for a feeble mind. By feeble I do not mean 
idiotic, but rather weak, lacking depth and power. There are a great 
many baby-looking faces in the world, and such persons rarely amount to 
anything beyond a common-place life and character—are too fickle and 
childish in their tastes and sentiments. 

In the mental process of reading a person, we first perceive the ex¬ 
pression, and from that conceive the character. Perception arises from the 
action of the perceptive faculties, located immediately over the eyes and 
nose ; conception, from the reflective faculties, located in the upper part 
of the forehead. In the central part of the forehead are located most of 
the literary faculties, and literary talent is generally indicated by a high 
forehead rather than abroad one. 

It is the largest and most predominating trait of character that gives 
to the eyes their peculiar look—that expressive cast, that which we most 
notice and are influenced by ; hence, the expression of the eye changes 
as fast as our thoughts change and the different faculties are brought in¬ 
to action. The eyes, therefore, become a mirror in which are pictured, 
as they come and go, all the thoughts, feelings, emotions and passions of 
the soul; they are also the windows through which the spirit breathes and 
the passions come to look out. How easy it is to see the presence of anger, 
joy, sadness ! So, in like manner, if we study until we become familiar 
with the different kinds of expressions, we can observe the language of 
every change and condition of the mind. 

A person with large., round, full and projecting eyes, that in appear- 



Sternness, commanding ability, au¬ 
thority, discernment, reflection, resistance, 
determination, fondness for research. Ob¬ 
serve the projecting, overhanging and 
sharp eyebrow. 



Love, modesty, tenderness. Repre¬ 
sents a character almost perfect as far as 
good, aminable and moral traits are con¬ 
cerned. A thoroughly feminine eye. 



Sound mature understanding ; full of plans and schemes ; shrewd, thoughtful; policy 
and management of human nature ; observe the drooping over the eyelid at the outer cor¬ 
ner. Are apt to lie or evade the truth. 



Quick to perceive, vivacious, wide¬ 
awake; impressibility; observe rapidly, but 
do not retain impressions long, or think 
intently. Not considered very intelligent; 
certainly not scientific, nor inclined to bus¬ 
iness or mechanism. 



The amorous, sensual, talkative and 
unprincipled eye. Apt to lead a fast life. 
Observe the fullness of the under eyelid, 
In the living eye the expression is wicked 
and insinuating. 













The dreamy eye. Full of pleasure and 
animal enjoyment ; but good natured and 
thoughtful. Can love more than one. 



Submissive, mild, discerning, pene¬ 
trating, and clear perception, but rather 
coquettish. 



The wanton eye. Inclined to desire and submit to licentious gratification. Lack of 
resistance to obstacles or opposing circumstances. Deficient in force of character and con¬ 
trolling influence. Observe the flatness of the eye and the distance between the eyelid and 
eyebrow. Also note the expression o'f all eyes in determining good and bad qualities. 



The monogamic eye. Wide-awake, 
eager, active, very susceptible to sur¬ 
rounding impressions. Readily observe. 
Such eyes generally have much feminine 
expression in them. 



Expressive, speaking eye when ani¬ 
mated. Large language. Studious, in¬ 
quiring and watchful; but artful, mean, 
trickish and treacherous. The color is 
almost black, or looks so. 









3 6 


EXPRESSION. 


ance resemble those of an owl or a cat, has a disposition that is either 
timid, stupid, foolish, double-dealing or two-faced, and generally acts as 
though he were half-frightened, half-scared and afraid of you. Some 
eyes however, that are large and projecting, indicate a nature that is 
bold, forward and cheeky ; but the expression of the latter is different to 
those of the former. 

Excessive passion or abuse of the sexual organs, shows itself in and 
around the eyes—gives a sort of dull, heavy, striking, and sometimes fas¬ 
cinating look. When the lips have a deep red, almost crimson color, they 
indicate immorality or a strong passional nature, one that is liable to 
yield to temptation. 

What magnetic or fascinating appearance is imparted to the eyes 
when lit up by the activity of the organs of amativeness, agreeableness 
and approbativeness ! Secretiveness and mirthfulness are likewise con¬ 
spicuously manifested in the eye. 

Whatever persons notice most in others clearly indicates the ruling 
trait of character in themselves. If they notice dress in preference to 
anything else, then dress is their chief desire. If words and actions are 
criticised, then it is character and quality of mind that is predominant 
in the observer. Artists notice features, expressions and beauty ; fash¬ 
ionable and amative persons notice the style and physique of individuals, 
and so on ; each one trying to find in others what is a reflex of his own 
mind. 

The face, as a whole, with its accompanying expression, reveals one’s 
nature and animal propensities. It likewise shows whether the faculties 
are active or passive, while the head shows their size and proportion to 
one another. Every feature of the face has its appropriate manifestation. 
The forehead portrays the amount of intellect. The chin tells us how 
much persistence, ardor, intensity and the kind of affectionate desire one 
possesses. The mouth shows how much affection one has — whether 
friendly, sociable, warm-hearted or the reverse. The nose represents the 
selfish traits and propensities—those qualities of mind that make men 
bold, fearless, aggressive, far-seeing, defensive, determined and accumu¬ 
lative. But the eyes—those two magnetic stars—what do they mean? 
That is a question, reader, more easily asked than answered. There 
seems to be a mystery about the eyes which has never yet been ex¬ 
plained. What a depth of meaning, what a mine, what a store-house, in 
which seems to be deposited things good and bad ! How anxiously we look 
into them and try to discover what is behind ! If we could only read 
the thoughts they convey ! And what a mental effort we sometimes make 


EXPRESSION. 


37 


to do so ! But, after all, we have to give it up ; they are too much like a 
policeman’s lantern—the longer we look, the more blinded and confused 
we become. To see through a thing and discover what is behind, is not 
so easy as to get behind and see what is ahead. 

Two things, however, are evident : First, all eyes are not alike ; se¬ 
cond, they do not affect us in the same manner nor exercise the same 
power over us, neither do any two individuals. I therefore conclude that 
the eyes reveal (or are an index of) the kind, quality and nature of the 
mind, spirit and soul: which three words are sometimes used to express 
one and the same thing, yet each word has its peculiar,* specific meaning. 

Mind is used to designate the intellect or understanding—the mental 
process of thinking, willing and choosing ; also, inclination, desire, intent, 
purpose. Mind may likewise be termed the operation of the spirit upon 
the faculties, bringing them into activity. 

The word spirit means life, ardor, vivacity ; great activity or peculiar 
characteristics of mind and temper ; disposition of mind, intellectual or 
moral state, cheerfulness, enterprise. It may also be used to indicate 
the highest life-principle, and just as the mouth expresses the heart-nature 
so the eyes reveal the spirit-life or what Christians call the immortal 
principle of man. 

By soul, we mean any noble manifestation of the heart or moral 
nature ; the seat of life and action ; the rational and emotional part of 
man’s nature. Of course, these definitions are intended to represent the 
spirit as connected with the body. In my chapter on Modern Christianity, 
I have given a new and more thorough description of the differences 
between mind, spirit and soul. 

From the above definitions, I presume it will be clear to the reader 
what is meant by the mind, spirit, soul, or whatever you choose to name 
that part of man manifested in the eye. And here let me say that the 
quality or nature of the soul, as to whether it is pure and exalted, or 
gross and low, can be determined by the organic quality. 

The eyes, therefore, express every emotion of the soul, the quality of 
the soul and its present moral condition. They seem to be the window 
through which every faculty peeps out. Eyes differ in color, form, size 
and rapidity of motion. 

Black eyes are deep as the ocean, artful, crafty, treacherous, revenge¬ 
ful— a smoldering fire* that may burst into a full blaze at a moment’s 
notice. They are generally retiring and reserved, and sometimes full of 
deviltry. The ways of a wicked person with black eyes are past finding 
out. So much for the bad qualities. The good qualities belonging to black 


EXPRESSION. 


38 

or dark eyes are frankness, a confiding disposition, affection, plain-speak¬ 
ing, truthfulness, and a good degree of power, determination and force 
of character. Many black eyes are beautiful, magnetic in their effect, 
and indicative of a true, noble character. But, reader, never trifle with 
such, nor play any mean tricks with them, or they may take fearful 
revenge; you can go just so far, and no further; and once aroused, they 
give no quarter and know no such thing as mercy. I remember a small, 
handsome-looking woman, with large, black eyes, who put on consider¬ 
able style, and presented the appearance of a delicate, lady-like woman. 
Those black full moons of hers had captivated four or five young men 
to whom she had promised her hand in marriage. One of them did not 
exactly like that kind of fun, and so followed her up, causing her to 
apprehend danger. While talking with her upon the subject, she declared 
if he came near her she would shoot him. I replied, she certainly would 
not have the courage to shoot a man, when she coolly walked over to her 
bureau and took out a pistol, remarking in an emphatic manner, 
“Wouldn’t I?” I concluded she would. Another black eyed woman 
told me that if she ever found out her husband was not true to her, she 
would certainly shoot him. 

Small, flat, light eyes are cunning, evasive, sly, manoeuvering. 
deceitful; apt to lie, cheat, and with large acquisitiveness, steal. Their 
deceitfulness is different from that of black eyes. Light eyes resort to a 
great deal of device, contrivance and stratagem. They are full cf tactics, 
policy and management, and can keep things to themselves, with little or 
no desire to impart them to others, unless it is something that weighs 
terribly upon the mind ; but they will generally find out all they can 
about others. Black eyes are not good at keeping secrets. They may, 
through conscientiousness or friendship, keep things committed to them 
as a secret and sacred trust; but should enmity ever arise, they may be¬ 
tray you. 

Light eyes would not speak a thing right out, but work to your dis¬ 
advantage in an underhanded way—at the same time pretending probably 
to be your friend, and making themselves quite agreeable ; but the black 
eye would come right out, declare war and open fire. Light-eyed enemies 
are snakes in the grass; black-eyed ones will show their enmity, and fight 
in the open field, though they may have a very treacherous way of doing 
it—something like the Indian, for instance. The*fact that Indians fight 
behind trees as much as possible, or some other defensive place, is 
because that is their mode of life and warfare, and their only means of 
protection against a trained and armed military company. What I wish 





Tricky and dishonest, with a relish for a joke or whatever excites mirth. These 
eyes express a decidedly unprincipled and unreliable nature. The puffy, hanging, bag-like 
appearance of the skin under the eyes may be caused by wrong habits of drinking and eat¬ 
ing or immorality ; in other words, physical or moral dissipation, or both. 



The high, open, receding eyebrows, showing great space between the upper eyelid 
and brow, indicates a lack of resistance to opposing forces. A nature more easily 
approached than the low, over-hanging eyebrow; is apt to float along with the current of 
life, rather than work the way through difficulties and obstacles that beset their pathway. 
This form of eyebrow also imparts a pleasing and inviting expression, causing a stranger 
to feel at ease when approaching or in the presence of such an eye. 




The frank and spiritual eye. When the eyelids especially the upper, are well defined, 
and retire under the eyebone. leaving the open space, as seen in this illustration, there will 
generally be found a frank, sincere and refined nature, with an amorous disposition. The 
love feeling, however, will be more spiritual than carnal or animal in its nature. In some 
forms similar to the above eye will be found a voluptuous nature, which, if not controlled, 
will lead to lust and dishonestly. The true character of all eyes must be determined by 
the aid of Psychometry and Pathognomv as well as Physiognomy. 




The deceitful and carnal eye. An eye that has a fulness between the upper lid and 
brow, and in which there is not a distinct, well defined lid as it recedes under the brow, 
will be found to be evasive, with a strong, yea, natural, tendency to lie and deceive in the 
general affairs of every-day life. There will also be a good deal of animal cunning—that 
shrewd, knowing disposition that enables persons to accomplish their purpose by a sort of 
manoeuvring, evasive, dodging, trickv cast of mind. Animal cunning is the very oppo¬ 
site to a frank, spiritual and straightforward nature. 









EXPRESSION. 


39 


to impress upon the reader is, that they do not conceal their feelings,and 
pretend to be friendly when they are not. Light eyes conceal their char¬ 
acter, their feelings, emotions, intentions and purposes, and, though they 
may hate and despise a person, they will seldom manifest it unless in some 
manner compelled to do so. There are, however, many amiable, devoted 
women among this class, as well as men, having strong, silent love, with 
tenderness and sympathy. The conditions peculiar to both kinds of eyes 
are all right if governed by the intellect and moral faculties ; but, when 
perverted, then look out for their evil manifestations, as already described. 
In the full, open blue eye, you may expect to find a mild and good char¬ 
acter, faithful in friendship and love but not an impassioned nature; but 
in deep, small blue eyes look out for cold-hearted and selfish natures; 
they are liable to be exacting and penurious, and with a nervous emo¬ 
tional temperament evince a quick and fiery temper. It must be borne in 
mind, however, that temperament and nationality have much to do with 
manifestations of character, and should always be considered in connec¬ 
tion with other signs of character. 

The rounder the eye, the more easily it will receive impressions, 
observe, and gather ideas; and the sooner, also, will such impressions be 
lost or forgotten. The narrower and smaller the eye, the slower it will 
be in gathering facts, receiving ideas, or coming to a conclusion; but its 
possessor will retain knowledge much longer after it is acquired, and 
such persons are slower but more deliberate in judgment. Small eyes, 
especially in children, are dull and slow to learn; large eyes are quick 
to perceive, full of life and vivacity. The brighter the eye, the more will 
the individual resemble his or her mother, and the character is generally 
sweeter and purer. Eyes that are slow to move, are slow in thought and 
act; while eyes that move rapidly belong to minds that are wide-awake 
and quick as lightning. 

The hair indicates fineness or coarseness of temperament and feel¬ 
ing, also tone and strength of character and constitution. Auburn hair 
denotes quick susceptibilities. Black hair is accompanied with the bilious 
temperament, which gives power, strength and endurance. Light hair 
means delicacy, fineness and lighter tone of character almost the oppo¬ 
site of black hair. Red hair belongs to the sanguine temperament, gives 
intense feelings and a fiery, ardent, hot-blooded and passionate nature; 
if curly, emotional and impulsive. Straight hair denotes mildness or 
tameness of nature. Black-haired persons have strong passions, and 
when they have bad tempers they are worse than red-haired persons. 
Study the face in connection with the hair. 


40 


EXPRESSION. 


Red-haired persons should pursue out-door employment, as they 
need all the pure air they can get. Fine, light-haired persons can pursue 
any light or in-door business, but are not adapted for heavy work. Dark¬ 
haired persons can endure a considerable amount of labor of almost any 
kind. The coarser the hair, the more so the individual in thought, feel¬ 
ing and manner, and vice versa. 

Men of properly-developed and prominent character are so marked 
in their appearance, that, once seen, they can be easily recognized any¬ 
where; whereas common-place persons are more difficult to distinguish 
and remember. 

He who does not vary the intonation of the voice in speaking lacks 
self-control. There is a vast difference in the voice of persons, and a 
wonderful amount of character is revealed in its tones. We can distin¬ 
guish an adult from a child, and a male from a female, simply by the 
voice. I shall never forget a lady I heard trying to awaken her sleeping 
husband, one morning, in a room adjoining mine. There was so much 
tenderness, sweetness and music in her voice, that the tones seem to be 
fixed in my memory. The sex and heart-nature influence the voice very 
much, and the inner and deeper shades of human character are clearly 
expressed in the quality and tones of the voice. The voice needs cultiva¬ 
tion, as well as the muscles and organs of the brain. The development 
of character will modify the voice, and the study of vocal music and 
elocution will improve it. 

Men cannot think and act rightly on any subject, or have clear and 
proper ideas, unless all their faculties are brought into active and equal 
use. 

It is the mental, passional and emotional temperaments combined, 
that give energy, go-aheadativeness, impulsiveness and intensity of 
feeling and action. They cause a person to throw the whole soul into 
whatever is to be done, especially in speaking, acting or writing. 

A person with a healthy and equally-balanced condition of faculties 
and vital organs attracts (or causes people, things and circumstances to 
succumb or place themselves under his influence or at his command) 
without any special effort; while an individual having an organization 
which is the reverse, could not, with special effort, secure the same 
results and power. 

When the lips have a pure, fresh, cherry-red appearance, the blood 
is in the same condition, and the health good ; but if they look dry, 
scabby, blue and sickly, the blood is in a very bad state. 

Lips that are full and red, having a cushioned appearance, indicate 


EXPRESSION. 


4i 


a strong social nature, or a great amount of affection, and fondness for 
caressing and kissing. When the red part of both lips are fully and 
evenly developed, that is, tolerably thick and well rounded out, the affec¬ 
tions will be more harmonious and evenly developed, and the person will 
love to kiss and be kissed ; but if the lower lip only is full, and the upper 
lip comparatively thin, the individual may enjoy and submit to being 
kissed, especially if a lady, but care little about kissing others (babies 
excepted). 

Lips that are thin and compressed are wanting in affection, and 
indicate their possessor to be cold-hearted, deficient in sociability, and 
stringent, but having much self-control and self-restraint. 

Lips that are naturally open, exposing the teeth, may mean laxity of 
the passions, or a stupid, foolish, easy-going and rather soft nature; if 
upper lip only is open or raised, a desire to be praised. 

Be on your guard with the individual whose mouth has a disgusting 
appearance, a sarcastic expression, objectionable lines around it, or one 
corner drawn up more than the other, unless by injury. 

A very large, coarsely-formed mouth denotes animalism, vulgarity 
or sensuality. A large mouth, however, is essential to good speakers, 
singers and mimics, giving flexibility, so that they can express themselves 
easily. With the large, well-formed mouth we frequently find strength of 
character and talent; whereas, in the small mouth, there is generally 
over-modesty and shallow sentiment; and persons having such are apt 
to carry their civilized ideas bf nicety and delicacy too far; they seem to 
live in their minds more than in their bodies. Some one has said that a 
“blue and thin-lipped woman will bore you to death with literature or 
woman’s-rights theories, while you want your dinner; or spoil your tem¬ 
per by her red-hot, scolding tongue;” but that will depend somewhat 
on other combinations : if she has a masculine temperament, such may 
be the case, because there would not be much congeniality in her nature. 

There is considerable character manifested in the chin, as it indi¬ 
cates the force and strength of the mind in connection with the nature 
and peculiarities of the affections. The connection between the Latin 
words mentuvi for chin, and mens for mind, is certainly suggestive, espe¬ 
cially as mindless animals have no chin. Search the entire animal king¬ 
dom and you cannot find a chin as perfect or well-formed, as is seen in the 
human family; and, though animals undoubtedly have understanding 
and a certain amount or kind of reason, they evidently have not the 
power or capacity for comparative, deductive and logical reasoning. The 
less chin a person has, or the more it recedes towards the neck, the less 


Ascerbity, moroseness; crusty, stringent, self-important; not easily imposed upon. 
Lacks sociability and affection. Have much self-control and not inclined to dissipation. 
Observe the lips are thin and compressed. Generally very economical, or stingy and 
mean. The heart-nature weak or cold. 


Dissatisfaction ; sour ; over-particular ; more nice than wise. Poor lips for kissing, 
and the form scarcely human. In this and similar mouths the heart-nature seems to be 
deformed and indicates the entire organism to be built on a common, coarse principle, and 
shows the parentage to have been poor—that is poor in organic structure—in mind, body 
and soul. 




Coarseness; common mind ; the affections more passive than active; given to sensual 
thoughts. Another poorly-shaped or deformed mouth, showing the great necessity of a 
higher, more thorough and practical system of education that will elevate the whole man. 



Sedate, serious turn of mind ; lack of mirthfulness ; deficient in character ; common, 
mean, with a little vanity ; sarcastic. Mouths that droop at the corners never laugh much. 
The objectionable qualities, however, are not to be seen in the drooping corners, but in 
the general form and outline. 










Common, vulgar, lack of refinement, and neither voluptuous nor affectionate. The 
testhetical nature deficient. Such mouths belong to persons who are low in the scale of 
humanity. 



Cold as an iceberg Stiff, set, precise; 
considerable self-control, but not much 
affection. Observe the thinness of the 
lower lip, and also a lack of curvature and 
fullness in the middle, so essential as the 
sign of an affectionate and sociable dis¬ 
position. 





The perfect female mouth. Love for 
that which is beautiful and tasty. Indi¬ 
cative of a whole-souled and generous 
nature. Good disposition, strong affection; 
desire for caressing and kissing. The 
affections both active and passive. A 
sociable and warm nature The heart- 
nature is not only strong but symmetrical, 
harmonious and well cultivated. It does 
not necessarily express a passionate nature, 
unless the color of the lips is a deep-red; 
if a rose-leaf tint, the passions will be 
mild and pure. 



Mirthful and slightly sarcastic ; upper lip too thin in proportion to the lower, hence 
the affections are not well balanced. May receive caresses or kisses, but care little about 
giving them. Turned up corners indicate a laughing disposition. 












42 


EXPRESSION. 


persistence and mind-force there is; hence such persons never amount 
to much in power or force of character: the more the chin advances or 
projects from the level of the face, the more persistence and tenacity of 
mind there will be. A sharp, narrow, round, pointed chin belongs to 
persons of very tender but intense affections, who keenly feel the loss of 
loved friends, take things to heart easily, and are possessed of a weak 
heart physically as well as mentally. But in the broad, full chin you will 
find a stronger heart, more vigorous and powerful circulation of blood, 
and, therefore, a much stronger and less easily affected love-nature. The 
affections are less sensitive and not so easily broken or crushed in the 
broad, round, full chin as they are in the small, round, pointed chin. In 
fact, there is more vigor and power to the affections and will in a large or 
broad, full, prominent chin than there is to a small one, no matter what 
the shape may be, whether round or square at the point. The narrow, 
round, pointed chin means desire for affinity and congeniality; it gives 
much intensity of feeling, but less power and consistency. The broad, 
round, pointed chin is perhaps the most perfect form, as it indicates good 
heart-power, and strong, constant, enduring love for the object of its 
affections. The narrow, square chin, means a desire to love or bestow 
the affections on some other person. The broad, square chin indicates a 
more violent, erratic, and powerful state of the affections, which needs 
controlling. In the indented chin there is a longing desire on the part of 
its possessor to be loved; such are unhappy unless they have the affec¬ 
tions of some person; and, when they have not, they are apt to make 
love themselves in order to secure a lover, even if the individual with 
such a chin should be a lady. A prominent, pointed chin signifies ardor 
and impulsiveness in regard to the affections, and an advancing, push¬ 
ing-forward, working character. 

The lower jaw, taken as a whole, indicates the various states of will¬ 
power. There seem to be three elements or parts that constitute the 
■entire will, viz.: persistence or perseverance, obstinancy and contrariness. 
It is possible, however, that the last two elements of will mentioned, may 
be one and the same thing manifested in a different way; nevertheless, 
we find three conditions of the will manifested in three well-known 
animals, and their jaws are all differently formed: First, there is the 
hog-kind of will, shown by the width of the jaw in the back part; sec¬ 
ond, the mule and jackass will, shown by the drooping of the jaw in 
the rear part, in contrast to the jaw of the horse and other animals 
more docile in will-power; and third, the bulldog will, shown in the 
long, forward-projecting chin, in contrast to that of the wolf. When a 


EXPRESSION. 


43 


bulldog gets hold of a person or thing, he means business, and persists 
in hanging on. So in human life; we find some persons who are per¬ 
sistent and persevering in their efforts to accomplish success or gain an 
object; while others, wolf-like, snap at a thing and instantly let go; 
others, again, are as headstrong, unyielding and stubborn as any mule 
or jackass, especially when they cannot have their own way. This is a 
good trait of character, however, when properly used and not perverted? 
as it gives stability and unflinching principle to the character; but in 
domestic and business life it is too frequently used in the wrong way. 
Another class of persons are just like, or as contrary and perverse as, the 
hog. The moment they discover you want them to do a certain thing 
or pursue a certain course, they are sure to do or take the opposite. 
They seem to delight in thwarting others in their plans and purposes. 
All three conditions of the will can be properly or improperly used, and 
if each person used his will to control himself as much as he does 
others, the world, or the people in it, would be a great deal better physi¬ 
cally, intellectually and morally. 

Many persons think the nose of very little importance in reading 
character, but it is just the opposite. It represents masculine and femi¬ 
nine qualities more than any other feature—shows how much power and 
force of mind one has, and how much of the commercial, aggressive 
and martial spirit—shows whether one is long-headed enough to see 
into a mill-stone, or no further than the point of his nose. It shows 
whether the character is weak or strong, whether the disposition is of 
a turn-up or turn-down nature. If the nose is concave and turned up 
a little at the point, it indicates a pert, sometimes an impudent disposi¬ 
tion, and whenever such persons become offended (and such individuals 
take offense easily), they will manifest a sort of a turn-up, go-off, get¬ 
away, leave-me-alone sort of spirit, and act as if they were afraid to 
have anything more to say or do with the offender. Certain animals will 
act in a similar manner. Take pussy, for instance. Do something she 
does not like, and she goes off to another part of the room, and looks 
at you in a half-frightened, suspicious manner, as much as to say, “ You 
contemptible thing! What do you mean, and why do you do that? ” 
For the turned-up nose has likewise an inquisitive disposition; but pussy 
never seeks revenge by making an attack upon you at any future time, 
nor has she just the kind of nose I have been describing; nor do human 
beings with this kind of nose seek retaliation or revenge in the future— 
they are generally contented to leave one severely alone. But the con¬ 
vex nose, turning down at the point, in eagle fashion, is just the oppo- 


44 


EXPRESSION. 


site. Do persons with such a nose an injury or any imaginary evil, and 
they will wait for an opportunity to pounce upon you like an eagle upon 
its prey—not physically, perhaps, but in some manner they will take the 
advantage of you; it may be in a business transaction, or in the way of 
an injury to your character, or creating bad feeling and unfriendless, if 
not enmity, toward you. [The story of the tailor and the elephant 
somewhat illustrates this phase of character: A tailor was in the habit 
of tormenting an elephant by pricking him with his needle. The ele¬ 
phant did not resent it at the time, but went away to a pool of the 
dirtiest water he could find, and sucking up all he could carry in his pro¬ 
boscis returned to the tailor and gave him the benefit of a good duck¬ 
ing.] While examining a person having a nose of this description, I 
remarked, that if a person took any advantage of him or did hin%n in¬ 
jury, he would try to get even with him some time, if it were fifty years 
afterwards. The subject replied that he would if it were a hundred 
years afterwards, and they were living. Such persons never forget an 
injury. 

So significant a feature has the nose been, that persons have fre¬ 
quently been noted and even named from peculiarities of the nose. For 
instance, Cicero was a nick-name; the real name of the great Roman 
orator was Marcus Tullius, to which was added the agnomen, Cicero, from 
the word Cicer , a vetch or kind of chick-pea, on account of the shape or 
some other peculiarity of his nose, or the noses of his progenitors. So 
also the poet Ovid, or Publius Ovidius, was called Naso , from his promi¬ 
nent nose. 

Moral courage is indicated by a long nose that stands well out from 
the face in the upper part joining the forehead; also giving a wide space 
between the eyebrows, as seen in the picture of Luther. Persons with 
such a nose will stand firm and uphold any moral truth or principle, 
though all the world oppose; and such a character had Luther, the great 
reformer. 

The desire to climb and ascend high places, such as hills, mountains, 
towers and steeples, may be known by a nose that stands well out from 
the face in its lower part, and inclines slightly upward at the point. The 
mind of such a person will also have a progressive and upward tendency, 
will desire to rise in the scale of humanity, will, in short, be lofty- 
minded. Especially will the latter be true if the individual is endowed 
with a large amount of the organic quality. 

When the prominence of the convex nose is in the center, it indi¬ 
cates combativeness—the opposing, resisting, arguing, fighting and en- 



The Baby nose; mild, docile and am 
iable disposition; likewise indicative of 
female character. The opposite of the 
Jewish or Roman nose. Observe its con¬ 
cave shape. An inoffensive and harmless 
nature. 



The Jewish nc^e; commercial, trad¬ 
ing. speculating; love of money, property, 
etc. Slow to act or decide in some phases 
of business transactions, suspicious and 
reserved. Observe the width of the lower 
part of the nose, where it joins the nos¬ 
trils; also the convex outline. 



A well formed nose, indicating strength and development of character ; long-headed. 
Observe the sign of originality, as seen in the drooping septum. It renders a person 
rather odd, and unlike any one else in their way of saying and doing things. Are partic¬ 
ularly interested in anything new—new theories, plans, sciences, etc. Onite reformatory 
in character. 


< 






The turned up nose. Pert , quick to 
feel, think and act. Easily offended over 
trivial things. Not much force of charac¬ 
ter. If the point is sharp, have a scolding 
disposition and fiery temper. In coarse, 
uneducated and low classes, persons with 
such noses will be abrupt, saucy, impudent 
and disposed to assault others on the slight¬ 
est provocation. 





The Roman nose ; generalship, long¬ 
headed, far-seeing; combative; great force 
of mind; argumentative, opposing,'resist¬ 
ing, conquering and subduing, Observe 
the convex shape, which is always indica¬ 
tive of a combative spirit in some form. 
In the Roman nose the prominence is at 
or near the center of the ridge of the nose; 
in the Jewish type it is at or near the 
point. In w'hat may be termed the aggres¬ 
sive or assaultive nose the prominence is 
near the root of the nose. Thus there are 
three modifications of the convex form of 
nose. 



Showing the under lip protruding beyond the upper. The fullness of the lower lip 
represents strong, active affections; but its protruding condition signifies a tendency in the 
disposition of such persons to draw others to them, to cause them to succumb to their 
terms, desires and requirements; a kind of holding back on their part, keeping in reserve; 
though, at the same time, aggressive in spirit. Also an implacable disposition; hard to 
reconcile in enmity. 


EXPRESSION. 


45 


ergetic spirit; it gives energy in business matters or any enterprise one 
may be engaged in; it will defend as well as oppose, and aid the 
interests of others as well as self, and is less selfish than the hooked-point 
nose. 

When the prominence is high up on the nose, near the frontal sinus 
or forehead, it indicates an aggressive spirit. One with such a nose will 
begin the argument, make the attack or take the initiatory step, instead of 
waiting to assume the defensive. But, as already intimated, when it is near 
the point of the nose, it means personal defense, protection of one’s 
rights, property and person, and also betrays considerable selfishness, 
especially in business affairs. Such a nose will always look out for 
self. 

When the central part of the nose, where it joins the face, is wide, it 
indicates a commercial spirit, love of money or property, and desire to 
accummulate. [The Vanderbilts had such a nose.] When narrow, it 
means deficiency in that respect. When the nose is broad at the wings 
and sharp at the point, there is also a love of money, with a tendency to 
be close, or make money by saving or cutting down expenses. When broad 
at the wings and hooked at the point, there is a desire to make money 
by speculation or unfair means. 

The nose that stands well out from the face and of the Grecian 
type, indicates a love of the beautiful, or the aesthetic nature. A long 
nose indicates a long-headed, far-seeing, shrewd, scheming, planning 
mind. Persons having such a nose are generally quick to read human 
nature, and are cautious, but not always the most reliable or trustworthy. 

Where the nostrils are wide open, it is a sign of good lung and 
breathing-power; when narrow, a deficiency. 

The manner of walking corresponds and harmonizes with the habits 
and disposition. A slouch and a sloven hang out their signs as they 
walk. A man of ambition, energy and hope, will walk rapidly, briskly* 
and take long steps. 

Those who have an easy, graceful walk, will do things in like man¬ 
ner; while those who seem to make an effort to walk, will work and labor 
as if it were a task. 

Beware of persons who, when viewed from behind, have a sort of 
mean, shuffling, secretive kind of walk. They move along as though they 
were afraid to move their legs; they are liable to be tricky in business 
affairs, and take advantage when opportunities present themselves. 

Those who step heavily on the heel generally have much solidity 
and firmness of character, but they will want their own way about things, 


46 


EXPRESSION. 


and insist in following out their own inclinations. And he who has pre¬ 
cision in his character will have a careful and precise kind of step. 

Those who walk very lightly may have a light, mirthful, sentimental 
kind of character, or possess secretiveness or cautiousness, or all com¬ 
bined. 

Those who walk tip-toe fashion are fond of dancing and prone to 
the sentimental side of life. Those who have a springy, up-and-down 
step, are happy, hopeful natures, but apt to be unbalanced mentally; in 
other words, they have rooms to rent in the upper story. 

A person who is overflowing with conceit, egotism and vanity, will 
show it not only in the face and eyes, but in the dignified, self-compla¬ 
cent pompous, I-don’t-care kind of walk. The head will also be erect or 
slightly elevated. A man who is brimful of business, walks in a hurried 
and somewhat excited manner; while one who has made a fortune and 
retired, walks along cooly, easily, leisurely and indifferently. 

Large self-esteem and firmness will not only cause their possessor 
to walk erect and stand straight, but also to sit erect, scarcely bending the 
body in any position. Sitting or lounging in a careless manner generally 
denotes deficient self-esteem. 

Carnivorous animals have savage-looking eyes, but the herbivorous 
have mild and soft eyes. Contrast the eyes of the lion, tiger and hyena 
with those of the deer, gazelle, cow and horse. Mild, harmless, in¬ 
offensive people will have eyes that are mild and soft in expression; 
but stern, severe, cruel and dangerous persons will have hard, savage, 
unkind and somewhat repulsive-looking eyes. 

The difference in the phrenological and physiognomical manifesta¬ 
tions of the same faculties is simply this: Phrenology, or the conforma¬ 
tion of the head, reveals the latent power, or original strength of the 
faculties; while Physiognomy, or the expression of the face, shows the 
activity of the faculties and the manner in which they have been exer¬ 
cised, or the kind of education they have received, whether good or 
bad The face, however, is much more expressive of feeling than it is 
of thought, especially that part of the face from the eyebrows down¬ 
ward. 

Persons who have a restless, craving passionate nature, are never 
contented unless witnessing or taking part in something exciting, such as 
gambling, horse-racing, or any of the sporting-games, attending some 
sensational play or fashionable ball—they will indulge in stimulants of 
some kind, such as wines, liquors and tobacco. A woman who chews 
gum and has little ambition for anything else than to dress and attend 





A scheming, selfish, dishonest and unreliable, if not treacherous, disposition, may be 
looked for in the acute angle or hanging point nose, when it seems to lie almost flat upon 
the upper lip, especially when the upper lip is short, bringing the point of the nose and 
mouth almost together, as may be seen in some faces. Persons with such noses are liable 
to take advantage of another person’s weakness or misfortune. An irreconcilable and im¬ 
placable disposition is also shown in the protruding under-lip. 



The wrinkles running outward and downward from the eye, especially the lines run¬ 
ning from the outer corner, generally indicate a jolly laughing nature, or one who can 
enjoy and appreciate mirth. When three or four long wrinkles are seen running from the 
outer corner in an oblicjue direction, it denotes, in addition to its love of mirth, a mind or 
character that is either weak, childish, or slightly silly in some phase of its manifestation. 








































A Gabbler. —Note the large mouth and full eyes. Fuller and more flexible lips, 
with a higher development of intellect are required in oratory. 



This is a reversible head and by turning it upside down gives two faces and expres¬ 
sions. Laughter draws the corners of the mouth upward and backward ; hence, in the 
drooping corners, we have the opposite, or serious, melancholic disposition. 















EXPRESSION. 


47 

fashionabie, showy places of amusement, and visit drinking-restaurants, 
has generally the same correspondingly low elements of character; and 
if she conveniently could, would go anywhere that a man does. The 
common habit of picking the teeth, indicates a sort of craving, uneasy 
nature, one fond of some kind of excitement. The constant practice of 
many in picking their teeth ten or fifteen minutes after eating, and even 
between meals, and swallowing all of the corrupt matter instead of 
ejecting it, is, to say the least, an irritating and unhealthy habit, and just 
about as dirty and irritating as picking one’s nose—let the teeth be 
cleansed like any other part of the body; theti stop working at them. 
Tooth-picking, gum-chewing, tobacco-chewing and smoking, are all ex¬ 
citing and injurious habits. Not one of them beautifies or lends any 
charm to the face or character. 

Thieves—I mean that class that endeavor to take things without being 
seen—show their character chiefly in the expression of the eyes 

And this peculiar, thievish look will be best observed or detected when 
a few feet distant from the person, say from six to ten feet ; according to 
whether your own eyes are long or short-focussed—in other words,whether 
you are near or long-sighted 

Distance enables you to get the full psychological expression of the 
eye, which cannot be noticed when close up to the subject. This method 
of reading character really comes under the head of psychometry rather 
than physiognomy. Other vices, bad habits and passions, may be read 
in this manner, likewise. No person can read by this method, however, 
unless he has the talent, or a nature very susceptible to nervous, magnetic 
and mental impression. There is no rule or sign by which these thievish 
expressions can be taught or learned. Remember that I am speaking now 
of psychometry, not physiognomy—-of a criminal or wicked disposition as 
shown in a look which the bad heart puts into the eyes rather than in the 
form, size or color of those features. 


PHYSIOGNOMY AND PSYCHOLOGY. 


“Bat Jesus did not commit himself unto them, because he knew 
all men, and needed not that any should testify of man ; for he 
knew what was in man.” Yes, Jesus knew there was a good deal more 
of Satan in man than there was of himself. Many of the Jews be¬ 
lieved in the power and mission of Christ through witnessing his mira¬ 
cles, simply because they could not help it without doubting their own 
senses. It is a poor showing for pig-headed, conceited human nature 
when it takes a miracle to drive a spiritual truth or idea into the mind 
and heart. But that has been one of the strange peculiarities of humanity 
from the creation down to the present day. And we see the same spirit 
of stupidity and unbelief in regard to physiognomy. Men practice it 
unwittingly every day of their lives, and yet remain skeptical regarding 
its scientific principles, and foolishly indifferent to the study and applica¬ 
tion of these principles. 

“ That which is born of the flesh is flesh [yes, and nothing more] 
and that which is born of the spirit is spirit.” And it naturally follows 
that what is not born has no existence. There is no spirit in flesh, 
unless it is born there after the natural birth of the body—that is, not in 
the sense that Christ meant, viz.: spirit that pertains to a new life suited 
to an eternal existence, which means an existence of righteousness, 
love and happiness. All that belongs or pertains to the flesh is the soul, 
and the soul, as I understand it, is simply the life-principle of the body; 
it is born with the body, is of the earth, and therefore passes away with 
the body. The spirit to which Christ referred, I believe is a new lile- 
principle born or engrafted into a man, through heavenly influence and 
which goes on developing—passing through a period of gestation, as it 
were, in the natural body, to become the soul-principle of the new and 
spiritual body after the resurrection. The soul of the natural or earthly 
body and the soul of the future or eternal body, I am inclined to think, 
are two different things. 

Whether the spirit-essence which Christ refers to here, is the same as 
what theologians call the immortal, or whether it is simply a quality or 



PHYSIOGNOMY AND PSYCHOLOGY. 


49 


condition pertaining to that immortal essence or principle, I am not pre¬ 
pared to state. Nor am I quite certain in my own mind whether there 
is any immortality for a man who has no spiritual union with the Son of 
God—whether there is any vital, living principle in one who has never 
been “ born again” that can live forever. 1 believe the word soul is a 
misued term, used to mean more than it does. The Bible declares, “ the 
soul that sinneth, it shall die.” As all souls have sinned, how can they 
live ? and as the soul in connection with the body is all man was origin¬ 
ally endowed with, according to the Bible, where does immortality come 
in, unless there is a new life-principle which Christ refers to, born into 
him. That which is dead cannot restore itself to life, no matter whether 
it be body, soul or spirit, the quickening power must come from with¬ 
out. When a man is spiritually dead, I consider the highest life-principle 
within him is dead, and if that is so, then it seems to me but a question 
of time when the whole man will be dead—body, soul and spirit. How 
long evil spirits will live I do not know, but I doubt very much if any 
evil thing, principle or spirit can live forever ; I believe there is that 
in the very nature of evil which will eat or stamp itself out of exist¬ 
ence even if the Almighty did not annihilate it. Love, truth and 
righteousness only, have inherent qualities of existence, and all that is 
antagonistic to these will sooner or later pass away. 

The primitive man I regard as having been entirely physical, con¬ 
trolled by his appetites and animal instincts; with little reason, and not 
amenable to any moral law. With Adam began the development of reason 
and morality, and man’s religious relationship with his Maker. With the 
mission and teaching of Christ the new life-principle in man was first 
awakened, for even if it existed in any small degree in man previous to 
Christ’s coming, it lay dormant, for we hear little, even in the Bible 
and probably see less in the history of the race—of spirituality and 
spiritual life until the advent of Chrtst. Not that I regard Christ as the 
direct giver or embodiment of spiritual life, but rather as the medium 
through which it flows to the human race—the agency through which 
the Holy Spirit works and breathes into human souls the immortal life- 
principle, just as God the Father breathed into the physical body the 
breath of natural life. 

Inasmuch as the birth of Christ was a new and mysterious order of 
nature, so likewise is the new or second birth of every soul born into his 
kingdom. The second Adam (Christ) was as much a new type of being, 
in comparison with the ordinary man of his or our own day, as was the 
first Adam in comparison with the race that preceded him. The first 


5° 


PHYSIOGNOMY AND PSYCHOLOGY. 


epoch of man’s existence was decidedly animal ; the second epoch, be¬ 
ginning with Adam and continuing down to Christ, was moral and 
intellectual; the third epoch, beginning with Christ, is the completion of 
the intellectual and the ushering in of the spiritual. Moreover the man¬ 
ner and nature of Christ’s birth is in my mind clearly typical and illus¬ 
trative of the divine process by which man is “ born again.” Christ was 
a new creation in the human race, the blending of the spiritual with the 
physical through heavenly power and influence ; and every man who has 
been “born again”—converted—is a new creature, changed into a new 
order of being. 

The Holy Spirit first brought forth a spiritualized man, blessed with 
immortality, in the person of Christ as a prototype for all his followers. 
And I regard the new birth which takes place in human beings as being 
brought about by the same divine law and spirit influence as was exercised 
in the birth of Christ. The Holy Spirit moved upon the woman (Mary) 
and she brought forth a son—a combination of the spiritual and physical 
which had never before existed. Through his life and teachings the 
human heart and mind are made susceptible and fertile, and are prepared 
for spiritual influence and impressibility. Then the Holy Spirit moves 
or breathes upon the soul of man,and a new life-principle is engrafted or 
springs into existence; heaven and earth are thus united in the regener¬ 
ated heart. 

We are told that “ In the beginning God created the heavens and the 
earth;” but we are not told when “the beginning” was; neither are we 
told when man was first created. Nor are we to suppose when God said: 
“Let Us make man in Our own image,” He referred to a physical like¬ 
ness, because God is a Spirit which no man can see or touch. The image 
was in the nature of man’s organism and its resemblance to the the three 
characters of the Godhead—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Man’s organ¬ 
ism I consider to be three-fold—body, soul and spirit. The creation 
of the body was the work of the Father; the development of man’s in¬ 
tellect, moral character, and heart-impulses I should call the work of the 
Son; and the birth and development of the spirit-life is the work of the 
Holy Spirit. Hence, being “ bom again ” is the creation of a life within 
a life, which seems to me to be beautifully illustrated by the evolution of 
the butterfly from the caterpillar. The only kind of evolution I believe 
in—pertaining to the human family—is the development of man from a 
physical into a spiritual being. And though I consider man to have been, 
in pre-historic times, but little above the animal creation, yet he was 
always a man, and never a monkey. 



A Specimen of Mulberry Street, near the Five Points, New York. 

A good illustration of what the human face looks like without education. And by 
education, I do not mean mere text-book knowledge or school discipline, but that kind of 
intellectual and moral culture which refines and elevates the entire man. Education is the 
best means of improving and beautifying the face j even the formation of the lips and 
expression of the mouth are fine and beautiful or the reverse, according to the amount of 
culture in the individual or his parents. Let those who want nice mouths and lips improve 
and develop their minds, and avoid bad habits. The above subject is also low in Organic 
Quality. He might pass for a pre-Adamite—or a man in the first period of human devel¬ 
opment ; anything but a cultivated, intellectual, and spiritualized being. How many 
centuries it would take for such a specimen of humanity as this to grow up or develop into 
the highest intellectual and spiritual type of manhood, I leave for wiser heads than mine to 
guess. 



A combination of commercial, mechanical and professional qualities of mind. The 
drooping point or septum shews an original, fertile, versatile and somewat ingenious mind. 
The wrinkles running across the root of the nose, I am inclined to think are the signs of 
concentrated habits of thought, with the ability to command or direct others It is found 
chiefly in persons of great character or genius in some direction. 



The Grecian nose, or nearly so, being straight in the outline. The beautiful and 
perfect form, especially for the female face and character. Indicates taste, refinement, 
mildness and amiableness of manner and disposition. Belongs to the superior and most 
aesthetical type of the human family. The accompanying eye is likewise beautiful in form 
and modest in expression. The Egyptian nose is very similar to the Grecian, but the 
ridge of it runs down on a straight line with the forehead, and therefore in my opinion is 
not as beautiful as the Grecian. The latter is symmetrical, graceful in outline and feminine 
in form 



















PHYSIOGNOMY AND PSYCHOLOGY. 


5i 


All the sickness, suffering, misery and even sin, that the human 
family is afflicted with, comes through the misuse, preversion, deficiency 
or excessive development of some faculty or propensity of the soul, 
which may have had its origin either in the individual suffering or in his 
near or remote ancestry. Body and mind act and react upon each other, 
and a misuse or a deficiency of one means the same thing in regard to 
the other. No man can defile his body without degrading his soul, nor 
can he corrupt his soul without injuring his body. A defective body 
means a defective mind, and a weak body means an enfeebled mind, in 
power, if not in brilliancy. I doubt if there is a single bodily ailment, 
that comes under the head of disease, but what has its beginning in a 
depraved heart, or a diseased, misused or unbalanced mind. Let a single 
faculty or propensity become deranged, preverted or in any way misused, 
and it will produce a poisonous and contaminating influence which will 
be impressed upon the brain and nervous system, through which it will 
find a lodgment in one or more of the vital organs of the body. To 
poison the mind with evil thoughts is the way to carry disease into the 
body; and to irritate and worry the mind is the way to take the natural 
freshness and beauty out* of the countenance, break down the health, 
bring on premature old age, and thus shorten one’s earthly existence. 
Correct bodily habits, physical and intellectual industry, a consistent life, 
and the opening of the heart for the reception of Divine and spiritual 
influence and guidance, is the sure and only pathway to health and hap¬ 
piness in this life and blessed immortality in the next. 

My last thought in connection with this subject is the power one’s 
soul, mind or spirit has over another; the influence, the magnetism or 
nerve-force of one person exerts upon some other individual; and how 
the same characteristics or nature of the one are impressed upon the 
other. A good soul or spirit transmits a good and soothing influence to 
others, and a bad spirit emits a bad impression and consequently a bad 
influence. You cannot come in contact with a person without being 
more or less impressed with his individuality and nature, and his nerve- 
force will either agreeably and healthfully affect your own nerve-force or 
it will irritate it and thereby injure your whole system. I have person 
ally experienced and many times felt, in the most marked manner or 
degree, the good and evil impressions; the agreeable and disagreeable 
sensations produced upon my own mind and organism when brought in 
contact or proximity with various types and natures; hence 1 know where¬ 
of I speak. And I caution my readers to use great discretion in their 
choice of companionship. Never allow yourself to remain long in the 


5 2 


PHYSIOGNOMY AND PSYCHOLOGY. 


society of any person whose nature, magnetism, nerve-force or mind- 
influence is not congenial and beneficial. Even your health may be 
affected by being subjected to the influence of a nature that irritates 
your nerves and mind. And an evil minded person will sooner or later 
leave his poisonous sting imbedded in your heart. Your mind and body, 
however, may be unpleasantly influenced and affected by the nerve-force 
and magnetism of even a good person if his nature and organism is not 
congenial to your own. Seek your affinity in mind, body and soul, pro¬ 
viding they are good persons, but better avoid even your physical and 
mental affinity if the character is bad. The uncongenial magnetism of 
a good person may injure your health and worry your mind; but a per¬ 
verted or contaminated magnetism or mind will polute and degrade your 
spiritual nature and highest life-principle. 

For many years I have been a close observer of faces and heads, and 
have been particularly impressed with the vast difference in expression 
and form between those who have been “ born again,” and have cultivated 
their spiritual natures in accordance with Christian principles, and those 
who have simply lived the life of the world in accordance with their 
physical or carnal nature ; and to tell me there is no difference in the 
plane of spiritual existence between these two classes is to tell me some- 
something my senses will not permit me to believe. This is the Scien¬ 
tific Rock on which 1 stand, and the reason I give for the faith within 
me. [I have made this statement because I believe it lies in the prov¬ 
ince of physiognomy to touch on the metaphysics and destiny of man 
as well as on his natural organism and character.] 



DANIEL T. AMES, 

A Noted Penman of New York City. 

The author of this book having once been a teacher of penmanship, is naturally 
interested in the art and its representatives. The above engraving represents-a person 
who may be called an all-round penman, because he has pursued the art in all its branches 
and especially in its practical application, to the various needs of commerce and society in 
general. Pie has a bright, intelligent countenance, clean-cut features and a nervous, 
active temperament with sufficient of the vital to nourish the brain and nervous system. 
Like Spencer, he has a large amount of Intuition and a blending of business and literary 
talent ; he is likewise inventive, if not in mechanism, then in art designs or in new and 
ingenious ways of doing, arraigning or finding out things. It is this inventive and Intui¬ 
tive cast of mind in connection with his large perceptive faculties and a full amount of 
secretiveness that has rendered him an expert in judging of handwriting and detecting 














forgeries. Note the fullness and height of the forehead, the expressive eye, the long, 
prominent and beautifully formed nose, and the prominence over the eyes; in fact, the 
whole face is formed or built on architectural principles and symmetry. Penmanship is a 
fine art, and it requires a person of fine mind, taste and organism to be an expert in the 
ornamental branches of it; such as flourishing, drawing and lettering. In fact, this 
gentleman is so constituted that his mind is as receptive of and sensitive to impressions as 
a photographer’s sensitized plate is to the sunlight. Hence the moment he sets his eyes 
upon a piece of manuscript or a signature there is an instantaneous impression made upon 
his mind as to whether it is genuine or a forgery. He is naturally a Psychometrist and 
detective. 


METHODS OR SYSTEMS OF CHARACTER READING. 


PHYSIOGNOMY. 

Passive. 

Features at rest or nor¬ 
ma' in expression. 

PATHOGNOMY, 

OR 

Active Physiognomy. 
PATHOLOGY, 

OR THE 

Physiognomy of Dis¬ 
eases. 


PSYCHOMETRY. 


CLAIRVOYANCE. 


PHRENOLOGY 
OR Craniology. 


PALMISTRY. 

Chirognomy. 


Scientific—Discovery and knowledge of signs. 

Artistic—Application and practice of knowledge 
gained. 

Philosophical—Causes of signs and expressions 
in the face. 

Investigation and knowledge of the signs by 
which the passions are indicated. Reading the 
expression of the passions when the features are 
agitated through the excitement of the passions. 

The symptoms, signs or expressions of diseases 
of the body, and abnormal state of mind which 
are manifested in the face. 

The reading of character and discerning the 
peculiar states of the mind and spirit—without sci¬ 
entific signs or rules—through the subtle influence 
of nerve-force, magnetism and keen spiritual intui¬ 
tion; but with the aid of the natural senses. 

Reading mental and physical conditions when 
in a mesmeric state, a sort of mental or spiritual 
vision of external objects without the aid of the 
eyesight or any of the physical senses. 

The sign of the normal size or power of the facu¬ 
lties and propensities in the conformation of the 
skull; including the temperaments or general con¬ 
figuration and complexion of the body. It em¬ 
braces a system of mental, moral and social 
philosophy. 

Which relates to reading character by the gen¬ 
eral shape of the hand, fingers and joints; just 
as physiognomy does to the features and phre¬ 
nology the skull. 



54 


METHODS OR SYSTEMS OF CHARACTER READING. 


The devination of character by the lines of the 
Chiromancy. palm of the hand, especially in relation to the past 

and future. A map, as it were, of one’s earthly 
career and inner-life and nature. 

The reading of man’s character and destiny by 
ASTROLOGY. the position and influence of the heavenly bodies, 

during his career and particularly at the time of 
his birth. 

These last two methods of reading character—Astrology and Palm¬ 
istry, or rather that branch of Palmistry known as Chiromancy—consti¬ 
tute what is popularly called fortune-telling. As to the truth or practical 
value of these two methods, if honestly pursued, I can say very little, for 
the simple reason that I know next thing to nothing about them. I may 
remark, however, that it is not the act of a wise man to deny nor to con¬ 
demn the existence of influences and things, simply because he cannot 
see nor understand them. We are to a certain extent mysterious beings, 
from the sole of the foot to the crown of the head, and mystery surrounds 
our pathway from the cradle to the grave. There seems to have been, 
however, a little astrology connected with the birth of Christ. The wise 
men who came from the East to worship Him were astrologers, and they 
were guided, it is so reported, by a star to Bethlehem. It was a special 
and remarkable star to herald the advent of a special and remarkable 
visitor and character to this earth, and its coming and going was about 
as mysterious as the birth and death of Christ. 

Whether this star had anything more to do with the birth and life of 
Christ than to designate His birth-place, or any further influence over the 
wise men than to guide them to Bethlehem, I cannot say ; but one fact 
remains for consideration : these men were astrologers and recognized the 
birth of a distinguished person by the appearance of this beautiful star. 
Said they, “We have seen His star in the East and have come to worship 
Him.” This seems to have been a special star and it revealed to them a 
wonderful personage. 

As to the hand, I cheerfully recognize Chirognomy, and so must all 
who study the manifestation of character in the human organism; and in 
Chiromancy I see no difficulty in accepting it to a certain extent, at least, 
so far as the past life and habits are concerned, simply because the hand 
is very sensitive to nervous impressions. It is in close union with the 
heart and seems in every way adapted to record the workings of the 

inner-man. 






This mouth is small in comparison with the face, only a moderate amount of the 
heart-nature, and that well under the control of the intellectual and moral faculties. A 
mouth evincing considerable refinement, and almost fastidious in taste. 



A three-quarter view of a pretty mouth. A pleasing, happy, docile and child-like 
nature ; fond of entertainment, and will love to be petted and appreciated. Affections not 
intense or passionate, but under the control of the moral and intellectual faculties. Voice 
sweet and feminine. 



Mouth of a Clergyman. Indicative of good, noble and manly qualities ; refinement, 
intelligence and religious culture. Just enough heart-nature to be warm in feeling and 
friendly in disposition, but not enough to be passionate; hence, the heart-nature is well 
under the control of the spiritual-nature. No danger of a Minister with this kind of a 
mouth or lips getting into trouble with any of the female members of his flock. 



The mouth of Lucretia Mott ; or, in other words the mouth of intelligence and piety. 
It expresses mental and moral force, with a free and easy command of language. Shows 
ability to restrain and control feeling or passion, and remain cool and collected. Do not 
talk too much, and what is said is generally to the point and full of common sense. 


( 



The hog eye. This engraving is not intended to show the shape of the hog’s eye, 
but rather some of its characteristics. Notice the small, flat form of this eye, and the 
lack of well defined eyelids. There is nothing noble or spiritual in its expression. It is 
simply a cunning animal eye, almost destitute of soul capacity. It may do for business 
purposes but not for art, poetery or religion. Contrast the eyes of the deer, ox and sheep,as 
well as their characteristics, with that of the hog, and then decide which or how many of 
these animals you wish to incorporate into your body to become part of your blood, flesh 
and brains, from which, to a certain extent, your mind and disposition is evolved. 



The secretive eye. Secretiveness is shown in the half-closed eyelids and light eye. 
Such persons seem to peep out at you like a cat. They keep their own counsel, are evasive 
and non communicative, in reference to their business, plans and purposes, as well as their 
general thoughts. Even their most intimate friends hardly know their mind. They are 
slow and careful in expressing themselves, and generally talk in subdued or soft tones of 
voice. But they are not slow or backward in finding out what they can about others. 
They are good watchers. 


















THE LICENTIOUS EYE. 


This is a licentious, wanton eye ; with a moderate amount of cun¬ 
ning. The perverted and excessive exercise of the love-passion, besides 
the peculiar expression it gives to the eye, is physically indicated by the 
somewhat sharp, full and crowding up appearance of the under eyelid, as 
seen in the above cut. Sinful indulgence of the love-passion is shown 
in the under eyelid and cunning in the upper eyelid, or rather the puffy 
fullness of flesh between the upper eyelid and eyebrow. Thus do these 
two evils, lust and cunning, impart to the eyes a wicked, insinuating and 
alluring expression. The amateur in Physiognomy, however, must be 
careful to distinguish between the fullness of the eye that is indicative 
of language and that which shows lust and cunning. In the latter the 
form of the eyelids is different, and the expression still more so. Language 
or the ability to express one’s thoughts fluently, gives a pure and beauti¬ 
ful form and expression to the eyes ; whereas cunning and lust make 
them look immodest and wicked. 






LONGFELLOW, the Great American Poet. 


The mental temperament is predominant, with the motive next. The mouth, nose 
and eyes are decidedly American in form and expression. The drooping of the septum 
of the nose shows him to be an original, ingenious thinker, especially in connection with 
his large intuition and imagination. The short, deep lines running up the forehead from 
the root of the nose, indicate continuity or concentration of mind, and mark him as a 
close and intent thinker; one who brings his thoughts to bear constantly upon the subject 
before him. With an over-nervous and dyspeptic organization, these lines may also indi¬ 
cate a cross, irritable and scowling disposition. I had the pleasure of meeting Mr. Long¬ 
fellow in his beautiful home in Cambridge, Mass., one morning, and found him to be a 
pleasant, unassuming, neighborly man; one who did not try to impress me with his impor¬ 
tance like many American make-believe busy bodies do, of much less brain power and 
reputation. 




LESSONS IN PHYSIOGNOMY. 

Just what every Man, Woman and Child Needs. 


ist. As an aid to business and professional proficiency. 

2 d. As a means of self-protection against mean, dishonest and evil dis¬ 
posed persons. 

3 d. As a means of self-improvement through a practical knowledge of 
its general principles, and thereby the physical and mental improve¬ 
ment of generations to come. 

4 th. As a means of self-entertainment: because in proportion as you 
can read faces will your mind be pleasantly occupied when travel¬ 
ing alone, riding in street-cars, walking up and down the streets, 
or mingling in some social gathering. 

What a pleasure, when visiting, or attending a party, to be able to 
size up the caliber and discern the general characteristics of the persons 
you are presented to at a glance. You cannot feel their heads, nor hold 
their hands to examine the lines, but you can while conversing, shaking 
hands, or even sitting on the opposite side of the room, scan their coun¬ 
tenances and readily and correctly draw conclusions; just as I did one 

morning when seated in a Police Court and the Judge asked me if I 
could pick out a murderer that was arraigned before him among several 
other prisoners. The prisoners were about twenty feet distant from me, 
and after glancing them over for about ten seconds, I picked out the 
thievish-murderer ; not because he was the roughest or worst looking 
prisoner ; he was rather one of the best looking; nor because the sign 
of murder was so clearly pictured in his face, but because I saw he had a 
temperament and character that would most likely cause him to do such 
a thing under certain provocation. To be able to read thievish and mur¬ 
derous dispositions would save a good many persons from losing their 
property and their lives. To know where danger lurks is to know enough 
to keep away from it, or at least to be on one’s guard. 



How few persons would become proficient in music, painting, elo¬ 
cution, acting, or in the general branches of education, if they did not 
take lessons and make a special study of these or any other department 
of knowledge and industry; yet there are thousands, I might say millions 
of people who try to read faces according to their own notions and with¬ 
out any practical or scientific data to start from. Then, when they find 
themselves so often mistaken in their opinions of persons they foolishly 
blame the science and not themselves. Now why not use as much com¬ 
mon sense in reference to physiognomy as one is supposed to exercise in 
the common business affairs of life. 




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ART ESSAYS, 

(Three Works in One Volume) 


PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTION 


OF 

Burnet’s “Hints on Light and Shade.” 

Burnet’s “Essay on the Education of the Eye.’ 
Burst's “Hints cn Composition.” 

(Originally Published 1822 to 1837.) 

By JOHN BURNET. 


Over one hundred fine illustrations and etchings 
(some of them full-page) are given from the most 
exemplary works of 


CUYP, POTTER, 

BURNET, CLAUDE, 

DeLAER, TERBURG. 

REMBRANDT, CORREGIO, 
GUIDO. WEST, 

DOMENICHINO, and others. 


OSTADE, 

RUBENS, 

METZU, 

RAPHAEL, 

WILKIE, 


SECOND EDITION ROW READY. 


GATHERING JEWELS; 

OR, 

The Secret of a Beautiful Life, 

A Valuable and Instructive Gift 
Book for the Home Circle. 

Elegantly Bound. 

A charming and entertaining story of incidents 
of every day life, placed before the reader in Mich 
a manner that the interest increases as one proceeds 
in the reading of the book. 


AVIiat EJisliop Vincent says of it, 

‘The story is well told ; 'he subject which a gra¬ 
cious Providence furnished is unusually rich and 
prolific of evangelical facts and teachings. The 
book should go into thousands of homes and into 
all Sunday-School Libraries. 

John H. Vincent.” 


-EP iri I C JBI n 1 _ 

Sent by Mail on Receipt of Price. 

WILLIAM KNCWLES, Publisher, 

101 E. 13tli Street, New York City. 


A NOTED ARTIST'S OPINION ON BURNET'S ESSAYS ON ART 

I would place this in the hands of every amateur 
and professional artist and photographer in the 
country, if I could. J. Wells Champney. 

It is handsomely hound in cloth. $100 cannot 
purchase a copy of the original work. 

Owing to the fact that Mr. Burnet’s w oiks have 
been out of print, few are privileged to enjoy their 
advantages. I have reprinted and republished the 
original works by means of a photo-lithographic 
process, thus securing all the charms of the origi¬ 
nal drawings, and now offer these three books in 
one to the art students of America. 

POST-PAID, $4.00. 


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A complete Text Book, $4. 

WILSON’S QUARTER CENTURY IN PHOTO- 
GRAPHY-S4. 

THE PHILADELPHIA PHOTOGRAPHER, 

A Semi-Monthly 

ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE, 

$5 a year. 


Send for Catalogue. 


EDWARD L. WILSON. 

Photo. Publisher, 

No. 853 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 























ACCIDENT POLICIES 07 THE 

EMPLOYERS’ LIABILITY ASSURANCE 

CORPORATION, LIMITED, OF LONDON. 

David black, 

SPECIAL AGENT, 

34 PINE ST., NEW YORK. 


PHOTO ENGRAVING. 

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ArtTj <<i. 83? Br?adway, 
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PORTRAITS, BUILDINGS. CATALOGUE AND 

COMMERCIAL WORK 

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 


PUBLIC SPEAKERS, 


R. M. WALTERS, 

PIANOS 

RENTED AN D SOLD ON EASY CRMS, 

liningITV Dl Iflfl Cor. 12tla St., 

N. V. 


‘ • M O M E EXERCISER”/^ Brain Worker, 

and Sedentary People, Gentlemen, Larlies, ami Youths; 
tae Athlete or Invalid. A complete gymnasium. Takes 
up but 6 inches square floor room; something new, scien 
tide durable, comprehensive cheap Send lor circular 
‘ School lor Physical ami Vocal Culture,” 16 
East 14th Street and 113 5,h Ave. N. Y’. City 
Prof. D L. Down. Win. Biaikie, author oi 
“ How to get Strong,” savs of it. 1 never saw 
any other that I liked half as well.” 



WILLIAM NIVEN, 



739 and 741 Broadway, 
NEW YORK. 


Lecturers, Readers, Reciters, Singers, 

and all who make a professional use of 
their voices, either in speech or song, 
should have my publications. 



APOTHECARY, 


HEADQUARTERS FOR SUPPLIES 

For Singers, Elocutionists, Actors, 
Public Speakers, Speeclu-SuiFerers, 
and all otliers w ho wish in any way 
to restore, preserve, improve, anti 
riglitly use tiie vocal organs, for 


SONG- OR SPEECH. 


For any book, chart, instrument, or information 
about any Teacher, School, Author,Vocalist,Actor. 
Elocutionist, Manufacturer, Dealer, etc., apply to 
address given below. 

I keep in stock the principal American and for¬ 
eign books of Elocution, Oratory, S uttering, 
Stammering, Delsarte System, Expression, A ocal 
Physiology and Hygiene, Voice Production, Sing- 
imr, Acting, Visible Speech, Hooks of Recitations, 
Declamations, Dialogues, Charades, Plays (no mat¬ 
ter by whom published), etc. 


Ordirs promptly filled. Bocks imported in short¬ 
est time. Send for Caialojues- 


Address, 

EDGAR S. WERNER, 


4 8 University Place, New York. 


Successor to 

Spangenberg & Nicklas, 


699 SIXTH A VE., Corner 40 th St. 

Opposite Bryant Park, 


NEW 


JOHN H. CLARKE, 

THE CELEBRATED 

WIT HUMORIST 

Humorist Monologue Entertainments for 
Parlor, Club, and Lyceum, and Teacher 
of Elocution. For terms and dates, address 
JOHN II. CLARKE, 

336 West Fourth Street. New York. 

Examinations of Face and Head at the office 
of Prof. Willis every week-day, from 10:30 
until 4 o’clock. 

Picture Gallery epen from 9 until 5 o’clock. 


















IF YOU WANT TO KNOW 

All about the human body in health and disease, nature's secrets revealed. 
How lifeisperpetuated,hcalthmaintained, disease induced . deathdelayed. 
How to marry your oxvn mate, and transmit wealth of health to posterity, 
DC AH cheapest, best popular medical book in English or German. 
ntHU Dr. I'oote’s “Plain Home Talk and Medical Common Sense. 
Writ inn* 1111 language in a style that is pleasing to all classes, 
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It contains plain -rai 1 / for young and old of both the sexes. 
Necessary & important I HLI\ for everyone, married or single. 

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Original ideas of disease and its Barn inn a treatment at home. 
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Treats of lung, heart, liver, and all chronic 
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1888 edition has new “Origin of Life.” in 21 chromograplis^tN O u § 


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DR II DUG Standard, $3.25; Popular, $1.50; (difference is in binding), 
i miUalo Both editionscloth bound. Circulars <fc samplepagesFREE. 

MURRAY HILL PUBLISHING CO., 129 E. 28th St., N.Y. 
y C Ilf human FACES; howto read character, by Dr J. Simms. 250 pages, 225 Illustrations, 50cents. 
ntff Dr. Foote’s Hand Book of Iloilth Mints and Heady Recipes, 128 page pamphlet, 25 cents. 
DIIR MkdicaIj Hrxse and Nonsense. Try the Langh (hire. 90 pages. 50 Illustrations, 1 0cents. 
rUB Gynecology, or Diseases of Women. 48 pages. $10 worth of doctors advice for 10 cents. 
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“JUST LET ME SHOW YOU” 



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AND READY RECIPES. 
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By the author of 

“Plain Home Talk ” and “ Medical 
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1 no PAGES of Ativice about Daily Habits 
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Family. Only 25 cents. 

Tho Handbook contains chapters on Hygiene 
for all seasons. Common Sense on Common 
Ills, Hygienic Curative Measures, How to 
Avoid. Undesirable Children, Knacks Worth 
Knowing, Hints on Bathin on Nursing the 
Sick, on Emergencies, Hintc for Pregnant 
Women, together with some of the Private 
Formulae of Dr, Foote, and other physicians 
of high repute, and directions for preparing 
food for Invalids. ^-AGENTS WANTED. 

Murray Hill Book PnblisMng Company, 

Box 788 . New York City, N. Y, 



TO V7IVES and MOTHERS. 

Advice to a Wife— On the Management of Her Own 
Health and on the Treatment of some of the Com¬ 
plaints incidental to pregnancy. Labor and Suckling. 
By Pye Henry Chavasse, of the Royal College of 
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Advice to a Mother— On the Management of Her 
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With Dr. Foote's Health Monthly, one year for $1. 

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Human Faces; What They Mean; How to Read Character! 

By JOSEPH SIMMS, M. D., Author of “ Physiognomy Illustrated; or, Nature's Revelations of Character,” 

and of numerous popular lectures. 

The adjoined novel form of illustration 
Was designed by Dr. Simms, and is a fair 
example of the originality that prevades 
his writings. The paper covered book here 
offered at only fifty cents percopy (Human 
Fac 8), ha3 sold largely in the United' 

States, England and Australia, at $1.50 per 
copy. It has 250 pages of solid instruction 
about signs of character, and 225 illustra-J 
tions that make the text clear to every 
reader. It presents a new and complete 
analysis of the temperaments or forms of 
mankind, designates faculties heretofore 
unrecognized, and their facial signs. It 
contains valuable directions for the culti¬ 
vation and restraint of every physical 
intellectual power. 

Dr. Simms is, throughout the English 
speaking world, recognized as the author¬ 
ity on this subject, and the most compe¬ 
tent.thorough and systematic writter upon 
it. He has developed a system or science 
of physiognomy, more rational; practical and easy to be understood than phrenology or any other method of 
character reading. 


1, Charlemagne; 2. Boswell; 3. Cingalese; 4. Locke; 5. Tasmanian- 
6. Byron; 7. Caius Cassius; 8. Reverend Rowland Hill; 

9. Lavater; 10. Paul I., Emperor of Russia. 


Paper, 50c. Cloth, Sl-00* AGENTS WAHTED. Send for terms- Address 

MURRAY HILL PUBLISHING CO., 129 East 28th St., New York. 

And mention “Illustrated Physiognomy” when you order. 














































AIHSTGUR 

pHOTO^pHY 

«OUTFITS> 


All the Latest Novelties 

SEND FOB CATALOGUE, 

NO CHARGE. 

I 

PUBLISHERS OUT 

The Pbobograpb'iG Times, 

Weekly, $3.00 per annum. 
Monthly, $2.00 per annum. 

SCOVILL 

MANUFACTURING 

COMPANY, 

(ESTABLISHED 1802.) 


GEORGE SWEET, 

Instruction Oratorio , 

CONCERT and OPERA, 

Studio, 37 West 42d Street, 

NEW YORK CITY . 


mkl F. MKELE, 

. 


CRAYON POINT 



55 West 331 Street, 


Cor. Broadway. NEW YORK CITY . 

Mr. Naegele has taken a course of lessons from 
me in Physiognomy, which, he has often remarked, 
has been of great benefit to him in enabling him to 
keep the correct outlines and preserve the proper 
express : on in his modelling of the face. Were other 
artists to take lessons also it would in-nrc i he pub¬ 
lic with more correct likenesses of their friends. 

Prop. A. E. WILLIS, 

Physiognomist. 


office OF 

PENMANS 
ART 

JOURNAL , 

205 BROADWAY, 

Corner Fulton St., NEW YORK. 

Executes every style of Artistic Penmanship. 
Resolutions, Memorials.etc., engrossed Diplomas 
printed and filled. Send 10c. for sample copy of 
Penman s Ai:T Journal. 



pen Artist. 


W. Irving Adams, Agent, 

423 BROOME ST., NEW YORK 



CUREUEAF 


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uccessful where all other remedies fail. Sold only by 1, HIsCOA., 
353 Broadway, cor. 14th St., N, Y, Write for fil’d book of proofs 1 ree. 





















WHY 


YOU SHOULD 


HAVE YOUR FACE AND HEAD EXAMINED! 


■ — : —- 

FIRST.—Because Physiognomy and Phrenology constitute the simp’est, most com¬ 
prehensive and perfect system of Mental Philosophy the world has ever been blessed 
with. 

SECOND.—It is the only accurate standard by which you can measure yourself 
and know yourself, and learn how to develope the weak organs and faculties and 
restrain those that are too large, and make your character more "even and consistent. 

THIRD.—It is the only science that will tell you in a few minutes what youi 
talents are, what business, profession or calling in life you are best adapted for, thus 
directing you on the way to prosperity. Some people spend half a life-time trying to 
find out what they are fit for. What a waste of time and money! 

FOURTH.—Because Phrenology and Physiognomy will guide you to a happy 
marriage and healthy offspring, or assist you to obtain these results after marriage. 
For two persons to marry without understanding whether their mental, social and 
physical natures are adapted to each other, is what makes marriage a mere lottery, 
and frequently paves the way for a life of misery, either for themselves or their chil¬ 
dren. It will also assist you in the important duty of training children. Thousands 
of young people are ruined through not being trained right in early childhood Parents 
should have their children’s heads examined and learn the cause < f their peculiarities. 

FIFTH.—Because it is of special value in understanding your physical condition, 
that you may avoid sickness and thereby save time, money and much suffering. Cood 
health is more essential to happiness than wealth. I met a lady in my trayels, worth a 
quarter of a million of do'lars, but whose stomach was so weak that she dare not Pat 
any solid food. To be without health and happiness makes life a burden. 

SIXTH.—Because in proportion as individuals understand themselves, as they 
ought to, mentally and physically, that they may have sound mind* in sound bodies, 
will communities and nations grow better aad stronger, and crime, insanity and 
poverty decrease. Therefpre, you owe it to yourself, to your friends, to society and 
to your country, to learn all you can of the inner man, that you may rise to your 
proper sphere in life, and fill it successfully. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF CHARACTER, AND MATRIMONIAL ADVICE 

FROM PHOTOGRAPHS. 

f./ - v ■:> -. s 

NOTICE.~l understand there are persons advertising to give descriptions of character from .photo¬ 
graphs who are not qualified to do so. Their plan is to advertise in some newspaper, or weekly,or month¬ 
ly publication and thereby secure orders, and then hand the pictures to some cheap or unreliable phren¬ 
ologist to pass his opinion upon them. Asthe face is the most one has to go by in delineating character 
from a picture, it ia self evident that in addition to phrenological talent—whether it be good or poor - there 
must be special talent for discerning character in the countenance and features, in the person who under¬ 
takes to read from photographs; nonce only arpractical an 1 skilled Physiognomist can be a success in 
that art, 


Prof. A . E WILLIS, 


835 BROADWAY, 

Cornsr 13tii Street, - , NE. , 

H 154 82 


NEW YORK CITY. 
































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